by: Richard H. Osberg (Editor) , Laurence Minot (Author)
from: The Poems of Laurence Minot 1333-1352 1996
Battle of Halidon Hill, 19 July 1333: Although often inaccurate in its details, Froissart's Chronicle, composed under the aegis of royal patronage, provides thumbnail sketches of events contemporary with Minot's poems. Froissart suggests some of the complex political background anteceding the Battle of Halidon Hill:[1] Rubrication is indicated by bold face text. Heading: Hall suggests all or of be inserted before the bataile in place of tyll.
There had been a truce between England and Scotland now for four years, the like to which had not occurred before for two hundred years: but the town of Berwick-upon-Tweed was destined to disturb it. David, who succeeded Robert Bruce on the throne of Scotland, held possession of Berwick, which Edward claimed as part of his own kingdom. The King of Scotland, who followed the advice of his council and chief barons on the subject, resolved that as King Robert, his father, had taken the town in open war from the late King Edward of England, and having kept possession of it during his lifetime, so he would do everything in his power to retain it; and such being the case, neither party was willing to give way. The contest which ensued, however, was fraught with dire misfortune to the Scots, for Edward advanced into their kingdom, destroyed it, and, having taken possession of Berwick, and also many other forts, placed in them several able and expert knights and squires, to protect the border countries. (p. 18)
Froissart glosses over the part played by Edward Balliol (son of King John Balliol, r. 1292-96) and "the Disinherited" in this renewal of hostilities. Led by Balliol and Henry Beaumont, a group of powerful Northern magnates (many of whom had lost holdings in the Lowlands by the 1328 Treaty of Northampton) defeated the Scots at Dupplin Moor in 1332. The Scots in turn having driven Balliol (crowned September, 1332) from the Scottish throne in favor of the young David II, Edward III allowed Balliol to muster support among the English. Hoping to draw Balliol from the siege of Berwick, established on 12 March 1333, the Scots invaded England on March 23, under the leadership of the new regent, Archibald Douglas, and threatened Bamburgh. Edward III arrived before Berwick after Easter, and on 19 July 1333, at the Battle of Halidon Hill, the Scottish army raised to relieve the siege was decisively defeated. Berwick surrendered, David II fled to France, and Balliol swore fealty to England. The Battle of Halidon Hill utilized Edward's strategy, to be employed again successfully on many occasions in the war with France, of waging battle from a defensive position with rows of archers and dismounted men-at-arms.
Maydenes of Engelande, sare may ye morne,3 ye. Ritson, ze. Throughout his edition, Ritson employs z for 3.
For tynt ye haue lost youre lemmans at Bannokesborn
(p. 262)
The Scots are a bold, hardy race, and much inured to war. When they invaded England, they were all usually on horseback, except the camp followers; they brought no carriages, neither did they encumber themselves with any provision. Under the flap of his saddle each man had a broad plate of metal; and behind his saddle a little bag of oatmeal, so that when occasion needed, cakes were made of the oatmeal, and baked upon the plates; for the most part, however, they ate the half-soddened flesh of the cattle they captured, and drank water. (p. 13)boste. Scholle, bost.
The sacking of Southampton, 4 October 1338: Between 1337 and 1339, the French raided at will Dover, Folkestone, Harwich, Hastings, Portsmouth, Rye, and the Isle of Wight, disrupting, among other things, wine importation. French ships were also reported in the mouth of the Thames; an order to drive piles into the river bottom as a precaution against invasion was issued in October, 1338.2 Ingland. Scholle, Ingeland.
On the feast of St. Martin King Edward had an interview with the Duke of Brabant at Arques. The town-hall was hung with rich and fine cloths. His majesty was seated five feet higher than the rest of the company, and had on his head a rich crown of gold. Here letters from the emperor to the king were publicly read, by which the King of England was constituted and established vicar of the empire of Germany, with full power granted him to do all acts of law and justice to every one in the emperor's name, and also to coin gold and silver. All persons, moreover, were commanded to do him fealty and homage as vicar of the empire. (p. 20)31 al. Stedman, all.
By fair speeches, promises, and a bountiful distribution of money, Edward, through his agents, at last prevailed with this powerful individual so far, that by his means the chiefs of the principal towns gave their consent that the King of England and his army might pass through Flanders whenever he pleased. . . . (p. 19)40 better. Scholle, Stedman, bet.
The authority to coin money granted by Louis IV allowed Edward to establish a mint at Antwerp which produced golden écus bearing the eagle of the Empire over Edward's own name.
A party of French troops, consisting of Sir Hugh Quiriel and some few others, made a somewhat similar attack [i.e., to that of Sir Walter Manny's earlier attack on the French town of Mortaigne] upon England. As soon as they heard that hostilities had commenced, they landed one Sunday morning in the harbour of Southampton, entered the town whilst the inhabitants were at church, pillaged it, and having loaded their vessel with booty, fell down with the tide, and made sail to Dieppe, where they went on shore, and divided the plunder. (p. 21)60 gaylayes. Hall notes this as a mistake for galayes.
Jus E. regis Angliae in regno Francorum12 Ritson omits the first and.
Rex sum regnorum bina ratione duorum;
Anglorum cerno me regem jure paterno;
Jure matris quidem rex Francorum vocor idem.
Hinc est armorum variatio bina meorum,
M. ter centeno cum ter denoque noveno.
(Pol. Poems, I, 26.)
[The Right of Edward King of England in the Realm of France.
I am king of the two realms for a twofold reason.
I regard myself a King of England by right deriving from my father.
I am indeed styled King of France by right on my mother's side.
Hence come my two coats of arms in the year 1340. (James and Simons, p. 85)]
An iron cloud of bolts from crossbows, and arrows from bows, fell upon the enemy, bringing death to thousands; then those who wished, or were daring enough, came to blows at close quarters with spears, pikes and swords; stones, thrown from the ships' castles, also killed many. In brief, this was without a doubt an important and terrible naval battle which a coward would not have dared to see even from afar off. The sheer size and height of the Spanish ships rendered useless many of the blows cast by the English; but, finally, the first French squadron was defeated, abandoned by its men, and then captured by the English. The French ships were all chained together, so that they could not be separated from one another; thus only a few English ships were needed to guard one group of those which had been abandoned, the remainder being better able to direct their attention to the second French squadron, attacking it with some difficulty. None the less, this squadron was to be disabled even more easily than was the first, for the French abandoned their ships, large numbers of men jumping, of their own accord, into the sea. The first and second squadrons thus overcome, and with the light giving way to dusk, the English, since it was getting dark and they were very exhausted, decided to leave matters as they were until the morrow. (Allmand, pp. 128-29)The Battle of Sluys was a notable English victory; the French flagship, Saint-Denis, was taken, and the Christopher recaptured along with the Edward. In all, two hundred and thirty ships fell into English hands. Shortly thereafter, Edward commemorated this victory with the minting of the first English gold coin, the noble, whose obverse shows Edward, armed with sword and shield, standing in his cog, Thomas; on the shield are quartered the arms of England and France.
The French were equally desirous to engage, and as soon as they were within sight of the English, they filled the Christopher, the large ship which they had captured but a short time before, with trumpets and other warlike instruments, ordering her to begin the attack. The battle was fierce, murderous, and horrible. In the end the English came off victorious, the Christopher was recaptured by them, and all in her taken or killed. (p. 25)53 The gude erle of Glowceter. Hugh de Audley, b. 1289?, created Earl of Glou-cester 1337. Audley was present with Edward at Buironfosse and accompanied Henry of Derby's expeditionary force to Bordeaux in August of 1345. Badly wounded at Poitiers, Audley died in 1347. Stedman, however, identifies the "gude erle" as James de Audley or Audeley (1316?-1369).
At the time appointed the King of England set out from Ghent, accompanied by seven earls from his own country, two prelates, twenty-eight bannerets, 200 knights, 4,000 men-at-arms, and 9,000 archers, without counting foot soldiers; these with the fine cavalry of the Earl of Hainault and the 40,000 Flemings of Jacob Von Artaveld, completely invested the city of Tournay. The siege lasted a long time, and many gallant actions were performed. . . . (p. 26)Heading: Herkins. MS: herknis (?); Collette, Herkin.
Edward marched with his victorious army to Wisant, and having halted there one whole day, arrived on the following Thursday before the strong town of Calais, which he had determined to besiege. When the governor of Calais saw the preparations of the King of England, he collected together all the poorer inhabitants and sent them out of the town in order that the provisions of the place might last the longer; he resolved moreover to defend the town to the last. (p. 49)Unlike the unwalled cities on the Cotentin peninsula, Calais was strongly fortified, defended by a double curtain wall, a double dike, and a fully provisioned and garrisoned citadel. The town could not be taken by force; Edward resolved to reduce it by starvation, investing the city with a siege and naval blockade. The citizens surrendered on 4 August 1347 and the Truce of Calais was signed at the end of September.
[they] wenten on the walles of the toun, and in other divers placys, as naked as they were bore, saf here chirtys and brechys, & heldyn hire swerdus naked, & the poynt downward, in hire handes, & puttyn ropys & halterys abowte hire neckys, and yolden up the keyes of the toun and of the Castell to Kyng Edward, with grete fere and drede of hert. (p. 267)Froissart reports the famous story of the Burghers of Calais:
Edward, at first, was unwilling to accept anything but an unconditional surrender of all the inhabitants to his will; at the remonstrance of Sir Walter Manny, however, he agreed to have placed at his absolute disposal six only of the principal citizens, who were to come out to him with their heads and feet bare, with ropes round their necks, and the keys of the town and castle in their hands; upon this being complied with, the rest were to receive his pardon. After some hesitation six citizens were found ready to purchase the freedom of their fellow-sufferers upon these hard terms. They left the town in the way appointed by the king, who received them with angry looks, and ordered their heads to be struck off without delay: all who were present entreated him to have mercy, but he replied that the Calesians had done him so much damage and put him to so much expense, that it was proper they should suffer for it; and without doubt these six citizens would have been beheaded had not the queen, on her knees and with tears in her eyes, entreated him to spare them. (p. 50)On 28 September 1347, a truce was signed outside the walls. Almost all the inhabitants of Calais were dispossessed; English colonists were offered easy and generous terms, and the city remained in English hands over the following two hundred years.
About the third hour, on a field hard by Durham, the English host came upon the Scots, led by the Earl of Angus in the front line, a man of noble stock and valiant, ever ready to do battle for his country. The Bishop ordered that no man should spare a Scot and he himself rode against them with such a staff [mace] that without confession he absolved many Scots of all future trouble in this world. Then amid the blare of trumpets, the clash of sword on shield, the hurtling of arrows, you might hear the wailing of the wounded. Arms were broken, heads shattered, many lay dead upon the field. Before the hour of Vespers the battle was over and those Scots who had not fallen, fled. David, who called himself King of Scotland, was taken and sent in chains to the Tower. (Neillands, p. 107)Collette (p. xxxiii) points out that Minot's poem is very close to a contemporary Latin poem on the same subject and that they share the metaphor of flowers that have fallen:
Si valeas paleas, Valoyes, dimitte timorem;Wright reproduces the MS lineation by half-line but numbers pairs of half-lines. I have followed Hall and Stedman in printing long lines, as in the other poems, with a dot marking the caesura.
In campis maneas, pareas, ostende vigorem.
Flos es, flore cares, in campis viribus ares,
Mane techel fares, lepus es, lynx, non leo pares.
Francia flos florem, caput olim nobiliorum,
Jam contra mores leopardus tollit honores.
Subpedito florem, rapio florentis honorem,
Flos fueram, formido feram cun jubare veram.
[If you are worth anything, Valois, put aside fear. Stay in the field, be obedient, display your energy. You are the flower, you have lost the flower, your strength has dried up; Mane, Techel, Phares. You are a horse, a lynx: you do not look like a lion. France is the flower of flowers, the capital once of those of nobler birth. Now, against his nature, the leopard carries off the honours. I supply the flower, I seize the glory of him that prospers. Once I was the flower: now I fear the real beast with its splendour. James and Simons, p. 96]
Brus David auffugit, fugiendo contra leo rugit,For the alliterative collocation tyme taken, see "tyme of the takyng," YP 29.216.
Coplond attingit fugientem, vulnere cingit,
Regem persequitur, David in spinis reperitur,
Copland arestat David cito se manifestat.
(Pol. Poems, I, 46).
[David the Bruce runs away; as he flees, the lion turns and roars. Copeland strikes David in flight and wraps him in wounds. Copeland hounds David, finds the king in the thorn bushes, and arrests him as soon as he shows himself.]
About the time of the celebration of this marriage [Earl Lewis of Flanders, who had been betrothed to Edward's daughter, Isabella, fled to France and married a daughter of the Duke of Brabant], there was much ill will between the King of England and the Spaniards, on account of their repeated pillages at sea. It happened that a Spanish fleet had been to Flanders with merchandise, and was about returning, when Edward, who hated the Spaniards greatly on account of the injuries they had done to him, thus addressed his lords: "We have for a long time spared these people, but they do not amend their conduct; on the contrary, they grow more arrogant; for which reason they must be chastised as they repass our coasts." His lords readily assented to this proposal, and a fleet was prepared to meet the Spaniards on their return. The Spaniards had intelligence given them of the King of England's intention; however, they were quite indifferent about it, for they were very good sailors, and had well provided themselves with all sorts of warlike ammunition, such as bolts for crossbows, cannon, bars of forged iron, and large stones. When they weighed anchor, the wind was favourable, and it was a fine sight to see their forty vessels of such a size, and so beautifully under sail. The English fleet, which was well prepared under the command of the king himself and Lord Robert de Namur, met the Spaniards off Calais. The Spaniards had the wind in their favour, and might easily have declined the battle, if they had so preferred; but they disdained to sail by, and as soon as they saw the English, bore down upon them, and commenced the fight: well and bravely it was fought on both sides till nightfall - many were cut to pieces, and many drowned; however, victory declared for the English. The Spaniards lost fourteen ships, and the others saved themselves by flight. (pp. 53-54)2 wight. Scholle, wighte.
[I] 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 [II] 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 [III] 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 [IV] 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 [V] 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 [VI] 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 [VII] 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 [VIII] 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 [IX] 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 [X] 5 10 15 20 25 30 [XI] 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 |
Lithes and I sall tell yow tyll the bataile of Halidon Hyll. Trew king that sittes in trone, unto The I tell my tale, and unto The I bid a bone, for Thou ert bute of all my bale. Als Thou made midelerd and the mone and bestes and fowles grete and smale, unto me send Thi socore sone and dresce my dedes in this dale. In this dale I droupe and dare for dern dedes that done me dere; of Ingland had my hert grete care when Edward founded first to were. The Franche men war frek to fare ogaines him with scheld and spere; thai turned ogayn with sides sare and al thaire pomp noght worth a pere. A pere of prise es more sum tyde than all the boste of Normondye. Thai sent thaire schippes on ilka side with flesch and wine and whete and rye. With hert and hand es noght at hide forto help Scotland gan thai hye; thai fled and durst no dede habide and all thaire fare noght wurth a flye. For all thaire fare thai durst noght fight, for dedes dint had thai slike dout; of Scotland had thai never sight ay whils thai war of wordes stout. Thai wald have mend tham at thaire might and besy war thai thareobout. Now God help Edward in his right - Amen! - and all his redy rowt. His redy rout mot Jhesu spede and save tham both by night and day; that lord of hevyn mot Edward lede and maintene him als he wele may. The Scottes now all wide will sprede, for thai have failed of thaire pray. Now er thai dareand all for drede that war bifore so stout and gay. Gai thai war, and wele thai thoght on the Erle Morré and other ma. Thai said it suld ful dere be boght the land that thai war flemid fra. Philip Valays wordes wroght and said he suld thaire enmys sla, bot all thaire wordes was for noght - thai mun be met if thai war ma. Ma manasinges yit have thai maked - mawgre mot thai have to mede! - and many nightes als have thai waked to dere all Ingland with thaire dede. Bot, loved be God, the pride es slaked of tham that war so stout on stede, and sum of tham es levid all naked noght fer fro Berwik opon Twede. A litell fro that forsaid toune, Halydon Hill that es the name, thare was crakked many a crowne of wild Scottes and alls of tame. Thare was thaire baner born all doune; to mak slike boste thai war to blame, bot never the les ay er thai boune to wait Ingland with sorow and schame. Shame thai have als I here say; at Dondé now es done thaire daunce, and wend thai most another way, evyn thurgh Flandres into France. On Filip Valas fast cri thai thare for to dwell and him avaunce, and no thing list tham than of play sen tham es tide this sary chance. This sary chaunce tham es bitid, for thai war fals and wonder fell, for cursed caitefes er thai kid and ful of treson, suth to tell. Jon the Comyn had thai hid; in haly kirk thai did him quell, and tharfore many a Skottis brid with dole er dight that thai most dwell. Thare dwelled oure king, the suth to saine, with his menye a litell while; he gaf gude confort on that plaine to all his men obout a myle. All if his men war mekill of maine, ever thai douted tham of gile; the Scottes gaudes might no thing gain for all thai stumbilde at that stile. Thus in that stowre thai left thaire live that war bifore so proud in prese. Jhesu for Thi woundes five in Ingland help us to have pese. Now for to tell yow will I turn of the batayl of Banocburn. Skottes out of Berwik and of Abirdene, at the Bannok burn war ye to kene! Thare slogh ye many sakles, als it was sene, and now has king Edward wroken it I wene: it es wrokin I wene, wele wurth the while; war yit with the Skottes, for thai er ful of gile. Whare er ye, Skottes of Saint Johnes toune? The boste of yowre baner es betin all doune; when ye bosting will bede, sir Edward es boune for to kindel yow care and crak yowre crowne: he has crakked yowre croune, wele worth the while; schame bityde the Skottes, for thai er full of gile. Skottes of Striflin war steren and stout; of God ne of gude men had thai no dout. Now have thai, the pelers, priked obout, bot at the last sir Edward rifild thair rout: he has rifild thaire rout, wele wurth the while, bot ever er thai under, bot gaudes and gile. Rughfute riveling, now kindels thi care, berebag with thi boste, thi biging es bare; fals wretche and forsworn, whider wiltou fare? Busk the unto Brig and abide thare: thare wretche saltou won and wery the while; thi dwelling in Dondé es done for thi gile. The Skotte gase in Burghes and betes the stretes, all thise Inglis men harmes he hetes; fast makes he his mone to men that he metes, bot fone frendes he findes that his bale betes: fune betes his bale, wele wurth the while; he uses all threting with gaudes and gile. Bot many man thretes and spekes ful ill that sum tyme war better to be stane still. The Skot in his wordes has wind for to spill, for at the last Edward sall have al his will: he had his will at Berwik, wele wurth the while; Skottes broght him the kayes, bot get for thaire gile. How Edward the king come in Braband and toke homage of all the land. God that schope both se and sand save Edward king of Ingland, both body, saul, and life and grante him joy withowten strif. For mani men to him er wroth in Fraunce and in Flandres both, for he defendes fast his right; and tharto Jhesu grante him might and so to do both night and day that yt may be to Goddes pay. Oure king was cumen, trewly to tell, into Brabant for to dwell. The kayser Lowis of Bavere, that in that land than had no pere, he and als his sons two and other princes many mo - bisschoppes and prelates war thare fele that had ful mekill werldly wele, princes and pople ald and yong, al that spac with Duche tung - all thai come with grete honowre sir Edward to save and socoure and proferd him with all thayre rede for to hald the kinges stede. The duke of Braband first of all swore for thing that might bifall that he suld both day and night help sir Edward in his right in toun, in feld, in frith and fen. This swore the duke and all his men and al the lordes that with him lend, and tharto held thai up thaire hend. Than king Edward toke his rest at Andwerp whare him liked best, and thare he made his moné playne that no man suld say thare ogayne, his moné that was gude and lele left in Braband ful mekill dele, and all that land untill this day fars the better for that jornay. When Philip the Valas herd of this, tharat he was full wroth I wis. He gert assemble his barounes, princes and lordes of many tounes; at Pariss toke thai thaire counsaile whilk pointes might tham moste availe, and in all wise thai tham bithoght to stroy Ingland and bring to noght. Schipmen sone war efter sent to here the kinges cumandment, and the galaies men also that wist both of wele and wo. He cumand than that men suld fare till Ingland and for no thing spare bot brin and sla both man and wife and childe, that none suld pas with life. The galay men held up thaire handes and thanked God of thir tithandes. At Hamton, als I understand, come the gaylayes unto land, and ful fast thai slogh and brend, bot noght so mekill als sum men wend. For, or thai wened, war thai mett with men that sone thaire laykes lett. Sum was knokked on the hevyd that the body thare bilevid; sum lay stareand on the sternes, and sum lay knoked out thair hernes. Than with tham was none other gle bot ful fain war thai that might fle. The galay men the suth to say most nedes turn another way; thai soght the stremis fer and wide in Flandres and in Seland syde. Than saw thai whare Cristofer stode at Armouth opon the flude. Than went thai theder all bidene, the galayes men with hertes kene, eight and forty galays and mo, and with tham als war tarettes two and other many of galiotes with grete noumber of smale botes. All thai hoved on the flode to stele sir Edward mens gode. Edward oure king than was noght there, bot sone when it come to his ere he sembled all his men full still and said to tham what was his will. Ilk man made him redy then; so went the king and all his men unto thaire schippes ful hastily als men that war in dede doghty. Thai fand the galay men grete wane, a hundereth ever ogaynes ane. The Inglis men put tham to were ful baldly with bow and spere; thai slogh thare of the galaies men ever sexty ogaynes ten, that sum ligges yit in that mire all hevidles with owten hire. The Inglis men war armed wele both in yren and in stele. Thai faght ful fast both day and night, als lang als tham lasted might, bot galay men war so many that Inglis men wex all wery. Help thai soght, bot thare come nane; than unto God thai made thaire mane. Bot sen the time that God was born, ne a hundreth yere biforn, war never men better in fight than Ingliss men whils thai had myght. Bot sone all maistri gan thai mis - God bring thaire saules untill his blis, and God assoyl tham of thaire sin for the gude will that thai war in. Amen. Listens now and leves me. Who so lifes, thai sall se that it mun be ful dere boght that thir galay men have wroght. Thai hoved still opon the flode and reved pouer men thaire gude. Thai robbed and did mekill schame and ay bare Inglis men the blame. Now Jhesus save all Ingland and blis it with his haly hand. Amen. Edward oure cumly king in Braband has his woning with mani cumly knight. And in that land, trewly to tell, ordanis he still for to dwell, to time he think to fight. Now God that es of mightes maste grant him grace of the Haly Gaste his heritage to win. And Mari moder of mercy fre, save oure king and his menye fro sorow and schame and syn. Thus in Braband has he bene, whare he bifore was seldom sene, for to prove thaire japes. Now no langer wil he spare, bot unto Fraunce fast will he fare to confort him with grapes. Furth he ferd into France - God save him fro mischance and all his cumpany. The nobill duc of Braband with him went into that land, redy to lif or dy. Than the riche floure de lice wan thare ful litill prise; fast he fled for ferde. The right aire of that cuntré es cumen with all his knightes fre to schac him by the berd. Sir Philip the Valayse, wit his men in tho dayes, to batale had he thoght. He bad his men tham purvay with owten lenger delay, bot he ne held it noght. He broght folk ful grete wone, ay sevyn oganis one, that ful wele wapnid were. Bot sone when he herd ascry that king Edward was nere tharby, than durst he noght cum nere. In that mornig fell a myst, and when oure Ingliss men it wist, it changed all thaire chere. Oure king unto God made his bone, and God sent him gude confort sone - the weder wex ful clere. Oure king and his men held the felde stalwortly with spere and schelde, and thoght to win his right, with lordes and with knightes kene and other doghty men bydene that war ful frek to fight. When sir Philip of France herd tell that king Edward in feld walld dwell, than gayned him no gle. He traisted of no better bote, bot both on hors and on fote he hasted him to fle. It semid he was ferd for strokes when he did fell his grete okes obout his pavilyoune. Abated was than all his pride, for langer thare durst he noght bide - his bost was broght all doune. The king of Beme had cares colde, that was ful hardy and bolde, a stede to umstride. The king als of Naverne war faire feld in the ferene thaire heviddes for to hide. And leves wele, it es no lye, the felde hat Flemangrye that king Edward was in, with princes that war stif ande bolde and dukes that war doghty tolde in batayle to bigin. The princes that war riche on raw gert nakers strike and trumpes blaw and made mirth at thaire might. Both alblast and many a bow war redy railed opon a row and ful frek for to fight. Gladly thai gaf mete and drink so that thai suld the better swink the wight men that thar ware. Sir Philip of Fraunce fled for dout and hied him hame with all his rout - coward! God giff him care. For thare than had the lely flowre lorn all halely his honowre, that sogat fled for ferd. Bot oure king Edward come ful still, when that he trowed no harm him till and keped him in the berde. Lithes and the batail I sal bigyn of Inglisch men & Normandes in the Swyn Minot with mowth had menid to make suth sawes and sad for sum mens sake. The wordes of sir Edward makes me to wake; wald he salue us sone mi sorow suld slake. War mi sorow slaked, sune wald I sing, when God will sir Edward sal us bute bring. Sir Philip the Valas cast was in care and said sir Hugh Kyret to Flandres suld fare, and have Normondes inogh to leve on his lare all Flandres to brin and mak it all bare. Bot, unkind coward, wo was him thare; when he sailed in the Swin, it sowed him sare. Sare it tham smerted that ferd out of France; thare lered Inglis men tham a new daunce. The buriase of Bruge ne war noght to blame; I pray Jhesu save tham fro sin and fro schame, for thai war sone at the Sluse all by a name, whare many of the Normandes tok mekill grame. When Bruges and Ipyre hereof herd tell, thai sent Edward to wit, that was in Arwell; than had he no liking langer to dwell. He hasted him to the Swin with sergantes snell, to mete with the Normandes, that fals war and fell, that had ment if thai might al Flandres to quell. King Edward unto sail was ful sune dight, with erles and barons and many kene knight. Thai come byfor Blankebergh on Saint Jons night - that was to the Normondes a well sary sight. Yit trumped thai and daunced with torches ful bright; in the wilde waniand was thaire hertes light. Opon the morn efter, if I suth say, a meri man, sir Robard out of Morlay, at half eb in the Swin soght he the way. Thare lered men the Normandes at bukler to play helpid tham no prayer that thai might pray - the wreches es wonnen; thaire wapin es oway. The erle of Norhamton helpid at that nede als wise man of wordes and worthli in wede. Sir Walter the Mawnay, God gif him mede, was bold of body in batayl to bede. The duc of Lankaster was dight for to drive, with mani mody man that thoght for to thrive. Wele and stalworthly stint he that strive that few of the Normandes left thai olive. Fone left thai olive bot did tham to lepe; men may find by the flode a hundred on hepe. Sir Wiliam of Klinton was eth for to knaw; mani stout bachilere broght he on raw - it semid with thaire schoting als it war snaw. The bost of the Normandes broght thai ful law. Thaire bost was abated and thaire mekil pride; fer might thai noght fle bot thare bud tham bide. The gude erle of Glowceter, God mot him glade, broght many boldmen with bowes ful brade; to biker with the Normandes baldely thai bade and in middes the flode did tham to wade. To wade war tho wretches casten in the brim; the kaitefs come out of France at lere tham to swim. I prays John Badding als one of the best; faire come he sayland out of the suthwest. To prove of tha Normandes was he ful prest; till he had foghten his fill he had never rest. John of Aile of the Sluys with scheltron ful schene was comen into Cagent cantly and kene. Bot sone was his trumping turned to tene; of him had sir Edward his will als I wene. The schipmen of Ingland sailed ful swith that none of the Normandes fro tham might skrith. Who so kouth wele his craft thare might it kith; of al the gude that thai gat gaf thai no tithe. Two hundreth and mo schippes on the sandes had oure Inglis men won with thaire handes. The kogges of Ingland war broght out of bandes and also the Cristofir that in the streme standes. In that stound thai stode with stremers ful still, till thai wist full wele sir Edwardes will. Sir Edward oure gude king wurthi in wall faght wele on that flude - faire mot him fall! Als it es custom of king to confort tham all, so thanked he gudely the grete and the small. He thanked tham gudely, God gif him mede; thus come oure king in the Swin till that gude dede. This was the bataile that fell in the Swin whare many Normandes made mekill din. Wele war thai armed up to the chin, bot God and sir Edward gert thaire boste blin. Thus blinned thaire boste als we wele ken; God assoyle thaire sawls sais all. Amen. Herkins how king Edward lay with his men bifor Tournay. Towrenay, yow has tight to timber trey and tene. A bore with brenis bright es broght opon yowre grene. That es a semely sight, with schilterouns faire and schene. Thi domes day es dight, bot thou be war, I wene. When all yowre wele es went, yowre wo wakkins ful wide. To sighing er ye sent, with sorow on ilka syde. Ful rewfull es yowre rent; all redles may ye ride. The harmes that ye have hent now may ye hele and hide. Hides and helis als hende, for ye er cast in care. Ful few find ye yowre frende, for all yowre Frankis fare. Sir Philip sall yow schende - whi leve ye at his lare? No bowes now thar yow bende; of blis ye er all bare. All bare er ye of blis; no bost may be yowre bote. All mirthes mun ye mis; oure men sall with yow mote. Who sall yow clip and kys and fall yowre folk to fote? A were es wroght, I wis, yowre walles with to wrote. Wrote thai sal yowre dene, of dintes ye may yow dowte. Yowre biginges sall men brene and breke yowre walles obout. Ful redles may ye ren with all yowre rewful rout. With care men sall yow ken Edward yowre lord to lout. To lout yowre lord in land with list men sall yow lere. Yowre harmes cumes at hand, als ye sall hastly here. Now frendschip suld ye fande of sir Philip yowre fere to bring yow out of band or ye be broght on bere. On bere when ye er broght, than cumes Philip to late. He hetes and haldes yow noght; with hert ye may him hate. A bare now has him soght till Turnay the right gate, that es ful wele bithoght to stop Philip the strate ful still. Philip was fain he moght graunt sir Edward his will. If ye will trow my tale, A duke tuke leve that tide. A Braban brewed that bale; he bad no langer bide. Giftes grete and smale war sent him on his side. Gold gert all that gale and made him rapely ride till dede. In hert he was unhale; he come thare moste for mede. King Edward, frely fode, in Fraunce he will noght blin to mak his famen wode that er wonand thare in. God, that rest on Rode for sake of Adams syn, strenkith him main and mode his reght in France to win and have. God grante him graces gode and fro all sins us save. Amen. How Edward at Hogges unto land wan and rade thurgh France or ever he blan. Men may rede in romance right of a grete clerk that Merlin hight; ful many bokes er of him wreten, als thir clerkes wele may witten, and yit in many privé nokes may men find of Merlin bokes. Merlin said thus with his mowth: Out of the north into the sowth suld cum a bare over the se that suld mak many man to fle. And in the se, he said ful right, suld he schew ful mekill might, and in France he suld bigin to mak tham wrath that er tharein. Untill the se his taile reche sale all folk of France to mekill bale. Thus have I mater for to make for a nobill prince sake. Help me, God, my wit es thin; now Laurence Minot will bigin. A bore es broght on bankes bare with ful batail bifor his brest; for John of France will he noght spare in Normondy to tak his rest with princes that er proper and prest. Alweldand God of mightes maste, He be his beld, for He mai best, Fader and Sun and Haly Gaste. Haly Gaste, Thou gif him grace, that he in gude time may bigin and send to him both might and space his heritage wele for to win. And sone assoyl him of his sin, hende God that heried hell, for France now es he entred in, and thare he dightes him for to dwell. He dwelled thare, the suth to tell, opon the coste of Normondy; at Hogges fand he famen fell that war all ful of felony. To him thai makked grete maistri and proved to ger the bare abyde; thurgh might of God and mild Mari, the bare abated all thaire pride. Mekill pride was thare in prese, both on pencell and on plate, when the bare rade with outen rese unto Cane the graythest gate. Thare fand he folk bifor the gate, thretty thowsand stif on stede. Sir John of France come al to late; the bare has gert thaire sides blede. He gert blede if thai war bolde, for thare was slayne and wounded sore thretty thowsand, trewly tolde; of pitaile was thare mekill more. Knightes war thare wele two score that war new dubbed to that dance. Helm and hevyd thai have forlore; than misliked John of France. More misliking was thare then, for fals treson alway thai wroght; bot fro thai met with Inglis men, all thaire bargan dere thai boght. Inglismen with site tham soght and hastily quit tham thaire hire, and at the last, forgat thai noght, the toun of Cane thai sett on fire. That fire ful many folk gan fere, when thai se brandes o ferrum flye; this have thai wonen of the were, the fals folk of Normundy. I sai yow lely how thai lye, dongen doun all in a daunce; thaire frendes may ful faire forthi pleyn tham untill John of France. Franche men put tham to pine at Cressy when thai brak the brig. That saw Edward with both his ine; than likid him no langer to lig. Ilk Inglis man on others rig over that water er thai went; to batail er thai baldly big with brade ax and with bowes bent. With bent bowes thai war ful bolde for to fell of the Frankisch men. Thai gert tham lig with cares colde; ful sari was sir Philip then. He saw the toun o ferrum bren, and folk for ferd war fast fleand. The teres he lete ful rathly ren out of his eghen, I understand. Than come Philip ful redy dight toward the toun with all his rowt; with him come mani a kumly knight, and all umset the bare obout. The bare made tham ful law to lout and delt tham knokkes to thaire mede; he gert tham stumbill that war stout - thare helpid nowther staf ne stede. Stedes strong bilevid still biside Cressy opon the grene. Sir Philip wanted all his will; that was wele on his sembland sene. With spere and schelde and helmis schene, the bare than durst thai noght habide; the king of Beme was cant and kene, bot thare he left both play and pride. Pride in prese ne prais I noght omang thir princes prowd in pall; princes suld be wele bithoght when kinges suld tham till counsail call. If he be rightwis king, thai sall maintene him both night and day or els to lat his frendschip fall on faire manere and fare oway. Oway es all thi wele, I wis, Franche man with all thi fare; of murnig may thou never mys, for thou ert cumberd all in care. With speche ne moght thou never spare to speke of Ingliss men despite; now have thai made thi biging bare - of all thi catell ertou quite. Quite ertou, that wele we knaw, of catell and of drewris dere; tharfore lies thi hert ful law, that are was blith als brid on brere. Inglis men sall yit to yere knok thi palet or thou pas and mak the polled like a frere, and yit es Ingland als it was. Was thou noght, Franceis, with thi wapin bitwixen Cressy and Abuyle whare thi felaws lien and gapin for all thaire treget and thaire gile? Bisschoppes war thare in that while that songen all withouten stole. Philip the Valas was a file; he fled and durst noght tak his dole. Men delid thare ful mani a dint omang the gentill Genevayse; ful many man thaire lives tint for luf of Philip the Valays. Unkind he was and uncurtayse - I prais no thing his purviance: the best of France and of Artayse war al to dongyn in that daunce. That daunce with treson was bygun to trais the bare with sum fals gyn. The Franche men said all es wun! Now es it tyme that we bigin, for here es welth inogh to win to make us riche for evermore, bot thurgh thaire armure thik and thin slaine thai war and wounded sore. Sore than sighed sir Philip; now wist he never what hym was best, for he es cast doun with a trip. In John of France es all his trest, for he was his frend faithfulest; in him was full his affiance, bot sir Edward wald never rest or thai war feld, the best of France. Of France was mekill wo, I wis, and in Paris tha high palays; now had the bare with mekill blis bigged him bifor Calais. Heres now how the romance sais how sir Edward oure king with croune held his sege bi nightes and dais with his men bifor Calays toune. How Edward als the romance sais held his sege bifor Calais. Calays men, now mai ye care, and murnig mun ye have to mede; mirth on mold get ye no mare: sir Edward sall ken yow yowre crede. Whilum war ye wight in wede to robbing rathly for to ren. Mend yow sone of yowre misdede; yowre care es cumen, will ye it ken. Kend it es how ye war kene al Inglis men with dole to dere. Thaire gudes toke ye al bidene; no man born wald ye forbere. Ye spared noght with swerd ne spere to stik tham and thaire gudes to stele. With wapin and with ded of were thus have ye wonnen werldes wele. Weleful men war ye, I wis, bot fer on fold sall ye noght fare. A bare sal now abate yowre blis and wirk yow bale on bankes bare. He sall yow hunt als hund dose hare, that in no hole sall ye yow hide; for all yowre speche will he noght spare bot bigges him right by yowre side. Biside yow here the bare bigins to big his boure in winter tyde, and all bi tyme takes he his ines with semly sergantes him biside. The word of him walkes ful wide - Jhesu save him fro mischance! In bataill dar he wele habide sir Philip and sir John of France. The Franche men er fers and fell and mase grete dray when thai er dight; of tham men herd slike tales tell. With Edward think thai for to fight him for to hald out of his right and do him treson with thaire tales. That was thaire purpos day and night, bi counsail of the cardinales. Cardinales with hattes rede war fro Calays wele thre myle; thai toke thaire counsail in that stede how thai might sir Edward bigile. Thai lended thare bot litill while, till Franche men to grante thaire grace. Sir Philip was funden a file; he fled and faght noght in that place. In that place the bare was blith, for all was funden that he had soght. Philip the Valas fled ful swith with the batail that he had broght. For to have Calays had he thoght all at his ledeing loud or still, bot all thaire wiles war for noght - Edward wan it at his will. Lystens now and ye may lere, als men the suth may understand, the knightes that in Calais were come to sir Edward sare wepeand - In kirtell one and swerd in hand - and cried sir Edward, thine are. Do now, lord, bi law of land thi will with us for evermare. The nobill burgase and the best come unto him to have thaire hire; the comun puple war ful prest rapes to bring obout thaire swire. Thai said all, sir Philip oure syre and his sun sir John of France has left us ligand in the mire and broght us till this doleful dance. Oure horses, that war faire and fat, er etin up ilkone bidene; have we nowther conig ne cat that thai ne er etin and hundes kene. All er etin up ful clene; es nowther levid biche ne whelp - that es wele on oure sembland sene - and thai er fled that suld us help. A knight that was of grete renowne, sir John de Viene was his name, he was wardaine of the toune and had done Ingland mekill schame. For all thaire boste thai er to blame, ful stalworthly thare have thai strevyn; a bare es cumen to mak tham tame: kayes of the toun to him er gifen. The kaies er yolden him of the gate; lat him now kepe tham if he kun. To Calais cum thai all to late, sir Philip and sir John his sun. Al war ful ferd that thare ware fun; thaire leders may thai barely ban. All on this wise was Calais won; God save tham that it so gat wan! Sir David had of his men grete loss with sir Edward at the Nevil cross. Sir David the Bruse . was at distance when Edward the Baliolfe . rade with his lance; the north end of Ingland . teched him to daunce when he was met on the more . with mekill mischance. Sir Philip the Valayse . may him noght avance; the flowres that faire war . er fallen in Fraunce. The floures er now fallen . that fers war and fell; a bare with his bataille . has done tham to dwell. Sir David the Bruse . said he suld fonde to ride thurgh all Ingland, . wald he noght wonde. At the West Minster hall . suld his stedes stonde, whils oure king Edward . war out of the londe. Bot now has sir David . missed of his merkes and Philip the Valays . with all thaire grete clerkes. Sir Philip the Valais, . suth for to say, sent unto sir David . and faire gan him pray at ride thurgh Ingland . thaire fo men to flay and said none es at home . to let hym the way. None letes him the way . to wende whore he will, bot with schipherd staves . fand he his fill. Fro Philip the Valais . was sir David sent all Ingland to win . fro Twede unto Trent. He broght mani berebag . with bow redy bent; thai robbed and thai reved . and held that thai hent. It was in the waniand . that thai furth went; for covaitise of cataile . tho schrewes war schent. Schent war tho schrewes . and ailed unsele for at the Nevil cros . nedes bud tham knele. At the Ersbisschop of York . now will I bigyn, for he may with his right hand . assoyl us of syn. Both Dorem and Carlele . thai wald never blin the wirschip of Ingland . with wappen to win. Mekill wirschip thai wan, . and wele have thai waken, for syr David the Bruse . was in that tyme taken. When sir David the Bruse . satt on his stede, he said of all Ingland . haved he no drede, bot hinde John of Coupland, . a wight man in wede, talked to David . and kend him his crede. Thare was sir David . so dughty in his dede the faire toure of Londen . haved he to mede. Sone than was sir David . broght unto the toure and William the Dowglas . with men of honowre; full swith redy servis . fand thai thare a schowre, for first thai drank of the swete . and sethin of the sowre. Than sir David the Bruse . makes his mone - the faire coroun of Scotland . haves he forgone. He luked furth into France; . help had he none of sir Philip the Valais . ne yit of sir John. The pride of sir David . bigon fast to slaken, for he wakkind the were . that held him self waken; for Philyp the Valaise . had he brede baken, and in the toure of Londen . his ines er taken. To be both in a place . thaire forward thai nomen, bot Philip fayled thare, . and David es cumen. Sir David the Bruse . on this manere said unto sir Philip . al thir sawes thus sere: "Philip the Valais, thou made me be here; this es noght the forward . we made are to yere. Fals es thi forward, . and evyll mot thou fare, for thou and sir John thi son . haves kast me in care." The Scottes with thaire falshede . thus went thai obout for to win Ingland . whils Edward was out. For Cuthbert of Dorem . haved thai no dout; tharfore at Nevel cros . law gan thai lout. Thare louted thai law . and leved allane; thus was David the Bruse . into the toure tane. How king Edward & his menye met with the Spaniardes in the see I wald noght spare for to speke, . wist I to spede, of wight men with wapin . and worthly in wede that now er driven to dale . and ded all thaire dede. Thai sail in the see gronde . fissches to fede. Fele fissches thai fede . for all thaire grete fare; it was in the waniand . that thai come thare. 1 Thai sailed furth in the Swin . in a somers tyde, with trompes and taburns . and mekill other pride. The word of tho werkmen . walked full wide; the gudes that thai robbed . in holl gan thai it hide. In holl than thai hided . grete welthes, als I wene, of gold and of silver, . of skarlet and grene. When thai sailed westward, . tho wight men in were, thaire hurdis, thaire ankers . hanged thai on here. 2 Wight men of the west . neghed tham nerr and gert tham snaper in the snare - . might thai no ferr. Fer might thai noght flit, . bot thare most thai fine, and that thai bifore reved . than most thai tyne. Boy with thi blac berd, . I rede that thou blin, and sone set the to schrive . with sorow of thi syn. If thou were on Ingland . noght saltou win; cum thou more on that coste, . thi bale sall bigin. Thare kindels thi care; . kene men sall the kepe and do the dye on a day . and domp in the depe. Ye broght out of Bretayne . yowre custom with care; ye met with the marchandes . and made tham ful bare. It es gude reson and right . that ye evill misfare, when ye wald in Ingland . lere of a new lare. New lare sall ye lere, . sir Edward to lout, for when ye stode in yowre strenkith . ye war allto stout. How gentill sir Edward with his grete engines wan with his wight men the castell of Gynes. War this winter oway, . wele wald I wene that somer suld schew him . in schawes ful schene. Both the lely and the lipard . suld geder on a grene. Mari, have minde of thi man, . thou whote wham I mene. Lady, think what I mene - . I mak the my mone - thou wreke gude king Edward . on wikked syr John. Of Gynes ful gladly . now will I bigin. We wote wele that woning . was wikked for to win. Crist, that swelt on the Rode . for sake of mans syn, hald tham in gude hele . that now er tharein. Inglis men er tharein, . the kastell to kepe, and John of France es so wroth, . for wo will he wepe. Gentill John of Doncaster . did a ful balde dede, when he come toward Gines . to ken tham thaire crede. He stirt unto the castell . with owten any stede; of folk that he fand thare . haved he no drede. Dred in hert had he none . of all he fand thare; faine war thai to fle . for all thaire grete fare. A letherin ledderr . and a lang line, a small bote was tharby . that put tham fro pine. The folk that thai fand thare . was faine for to fyne; sone thaire diner was dight, . and thare wald thai dine. Thare was thaire purpose . to dine and to dwell, for treson of the Franche men . that fals war and fell. Say now sir John of France, . how saltou fare that both Calays and Gynes . has kindeld thi care? If thou be man of mekil might, . lepe up on thi mare, take thi gate unto Gines . and grete tham wele thare. Thare gretes thi gestes . and wendes with wo; king Edward has wonen . the kastell tham fro. Ye men of Saint Omers, . trus ye this tide and puttes out yowre paviliownes . with yowre mekill pride. Sendes efter sir John of Fraunce . to stand by yowre syde; a bore es boun yow to biker . that wele dar habyde. 3 Wele dar he habide, . bataile to bede, and of yowre sir John of Fraunce . haves he no drede. God save sir Edward his right . in ever ilka nede, and he that will noght so, . evil mot he spede! And len oure sir Edward . his life wele to lede, that he may at his ending . have hevin till his mede. A - M - E - N |
[f. 52a1 (see note) [God] prayer remedy; grief; (see note) earth; moon; (see note) (see note) (see note) guide I am downcast and dismayed; (see note) secret; cause me injury; (see note) prepared to go; war; (see note) eager against (see note) pear value; time; (see note) boast; (see note) every; (see note) meat is no need to conceal; (see note) did they hasten; (see note) dared; action; await vaunting; (see note) (see note) Of death's blow they had such fear although; boastful demeaned (see note) (see note) must; favor their prey are; dispirited; terror; (see note) who were (see note) others as well (more); (see note) should were exiled from contrived; (see note) (see note) [f. 52a2 must; more More menaces yet; (see note) shame; reward injure diminished place; (see note) are left not far from; (see note) also; (see note) such boast; (see note) always they are prepared to inflict injury on England (see note) go (see note) pleased them; pleasure; (see note) since; has befallen cruel wretches; known; (see note) truth; (see note) (see note) kill woman grief; destined; suffer; (see note) truth; say retinue; (see note) great of might tricks; (see note) stumbled at those steps conflict; their lives crowd of battle; (see note) peace; (see note) (see note) [f. 52b1 stream; too bold; (see note) innocent, as; (see note) avenged; believe happy be the occasion wary; (see note) (see note) (see note) offer; ready (see note) Sterling; stern; (see note) thieves, spurred; (see note) despoiled their company (see note) defeated; pretense; deceit; (see note) Rough-shod raw-hide boot; (see note) bag carrier; house; (see note) where will you go Hurry; Bruges; (see note) shall you live; curse Dundee; (see note) pounds the pavements; (see note) vows; (see note) (see note) few; anguish relieves; (see note) few; (see note) utterly (stone) (see note) keys; watch out for (see note) created; sea (see note) (see note) because of him are pleasure [f. 52b2; (see note) (see note) (see note) no equal also; (see note) many; (see note) great worldly success (see note) German (see note) advice (see note) swore that no matter what befell woods; marshland remained; (see note) money evident (see note) money; loyal; (see note) great portion (see note) (see note) caused to which goal; (see note) (see note) (see note) hear galley knew both victory and defeat burn; slay should escape; (see note) galley tidings Southampton [f53a1; (see note) (see note) much; intended; (see note) before they knew halted their games head remained stars; (see note) brains; (see note) merry-making; (see note) full glad were; (see note) truth; (see note) waterways far (see note) Yarmouth; sea; (see note) together; (see note) bold hearts; (see note) two supply ships; (see note) small galleys intended; sea steal; (see note) ear; (see note) Each (see note) indeed brave plenty; (see note) against one (see note) (see note) (see note) beheaded; pay; (see note) became exhausted [f.53a2; (see note) their complaint (moan) since strength; (see note) But soon they lost the upper hand (see note) absolve (see note) believe (see note) robbed; (see note) (see note) (see note) (see note) dwelling; (see note) handsome; (see note) (see note) greatest power (see note) (see note) retinue from (see note) test; deceit (see note) (see note) (see note) went; (see note) (see note) (see note) live; die fleur de lys (lily flower); (see note) fame; (see note) fear; (see note) heir; (see note) [f. 53b1 to make him tremble with fear with; (see note) (see note) provision themselves; (see note) (see note) abundance; (see note) even; against; (see note) armed; (see note) a report; (see note) dared; (see note) (see note) knew; (see note) their mood; (see note) prayer (see note) became (see note) together very eager; (see note) (see note) would; (see note) pleasure; (see note) expected; remedy (see note) (see note) (see note) Bohemia; vexing anxieties; (see note) (see note) steed; ride; (see note) Navarre; (see note) lay low in the bracken; (see note) heads believe (see note) esteemed [f. 53b2; (see note) princes that were splendid in battle order; (see note) had drums crossbow ordered keen work stout fear (see note) (see note) (see note) completely lost its; (see note) thus; fear; (see note) believed; (see note) confronted him in combat (opposed him face to face); (n) (see note) intended; (see note) serious; (see note) greet; (see note) remedy; (see note) (see note) (see note) believe; lesson burn pained; sorely (see note) taught; (see note) townsmen; (see note) (see note) great harm; (see note) (see note) (see note) soldiers quick; (see note) (see note) soon prepared; (see note) (see note) [f. 54a1; (see note) (see note) waning [of the moon]; (see note) (see note) (see note) ebb tide men taught; sword and shield; (see note) captured; destroyed; (see note) (see note) (see note) reward; (see note) present himself; (see note) ready; pursue; (see note) courageous; (see note) stopped; (see note) (see note) Few; alive; caused him (see note) easy; (see note) line archery; snow; (see note) (see note) quite large; (see note) fight; offered; (see note) (see note) (see note) to teach (see note) (see note) ready squadron; bright; (see note) boldly; (see note) sorrow; (see note) quickly; (see note) escape know (see note) (see note) ships; bonds; (see note) (see note) [f. 54a2; (see note) (see note) choice of persons; (see note) may good fortune befall him; (see note) (see note) reward; (see note) (see note) (see note) (see note) made their boast cease; (see note) know absolve; (see note) (see note) determined; (see note) to build affliction and sorrow boar; shining coats of mail; (see note) handsome; (see note) squadrons; bright; (see note) judgment; appointed; (see note) advise joy is gone woe awakens every pitiable; income unadvised have seized you; (see note) conceal; (see note) quickly (see note) French manners ruin; (see note) believe; teaching (see note) barren reward must; (see note) litigate embrace to whose feet shall your people fall; (see note) (see note) root up Uproot; refuge [f. 54b1; (see note) With blows; (see note) dwellings; burn; (see note) In confusion (disarray); run retinue advise; (see note) bow down to; (see note) (see note) by skillful; be taught (see note) (see note) companion feudal bonds before; bier; (see note) (see note) promises (see note) boar way; (see note) narrow way; (see note) glad; must believe; (see note) (see note) woe; (see note) (see note) occasioned; course of action quickly; (see note) to his death unwholesome reward; (see note) noble man; (see note) cease enemies mad are living; (see note) Cross strengthen; body and spirit; (see note) royal perogative; (see note) (see note) before; stopped; (see note) [f. 54b2; (see note) is named; (see note) (see note) know private corners; (see note) (see note) (see note) boar (see note) great (see note) angry; (see note) Into; shall reach; (see note) woe matter; (see note) (see note) (see note) army (see note) (see note) fit and ready All-ruling; most; (see note) help; (see note) (see note) give (see note) soon absolve; (see note) noble; harrowed (see note) prepares (see note) many fierce enemies; (see note) (see note) (see note) attempted to cause the boar to stop (see note) lowered throng of battle; (see note) pennons; armor; (see note) haste; (see note) Caen; most direct way; (see note) [f. 55a1 strong in that place (see note) boar has made their (see note) (see note) infantry; (see note) (see note) (see note) head; lost then was displeased (see note) (see note) (see note) (see note) grief; (see note) swiftly answered their investment fear see flames from afar fly up; (see note) won; war; (see note) (see note) faithfully; (see note) dashed; (see note) therefore; (see note) complain to trouble bridge; (see note) eyes remain; (see note) Each; back bravely strong; (see note) (see note) made them collapse;(see note) from afar burning fear; fleeing; (see note) quickly run eyes prepared; (see note) troops; (see note) noble; (see note) beset low; bow [f. 55a2 blows; reward made them stumble remained lacked entirely his desire deportment; (see note) glittering; (see note) (see note) bold; (see note) merriment a crowd; (see note) robe; (see note) (see note) (see note) (see note) allow; (see note) success, indeed; (see note) airs sorrow; lack; (see note) burdened (see note) scorn dwelling property; deprived; (see note) Compensated are you property; treasures low; (see note) before; happy as a bird in a bush this year head you tonsured; (see note) (see note) gape magic; guile time; (see note) coward portion; (see note) dealt; blow; (see note) (see note) lost [f. 55b1 management; (see note) (see note) destroyed; (see note) betray; device (see note) (see note) (see note) (see note) knew; (see note) false step faith; (see note) (see note) trust deposed truly (see note) lodged; (see note) (see note) siege (see note) worry; (see note) mourning shall; as reward; (see note) earth teach; (see note) Once; valiant; armour at; quickly; run; (see note) (see note) Well known; bold grief to injure together; (see note) spare kill them; (see note) Prosperous; truly; (see note) further; land boar [f. 55b2; (see note) woe; hills barren hound; (see note) (see note) holds build; bower; time; (see note) dwelling; (see note) soldiers; (see note) His renown spreads far and wide; (see note) (see note) (see note) (see note) cruel create great tumult; are prepared; (see note) such (see note) (see note) (see note) place (see note) remained; time; (see note) (see note) coward; (see note) found; (see note) quickly; (see note) army command under any circumstances; (see note) (see note) learn; (see note) truth; (see note) (see note) (see note) mercy; (see note) wealthy citizens; (see note) reward ready [f. 56a1; (see note) ropes; necks (see note) (see note) (see note) everyone together; (see note) rabbit fearless dogs; (see note) left bitch nor pup; (see note) is clearly seen in our appearance; (see note) (see note) (see note) (see note) great (see note) stoutly; fought; (see note) (see note) keys; given; (see note) are yielded to terrified; found curse; (see note) (see note) (see note) (see note) (see note) (see note) moor; (see note) (see note) (see note) cruel boar; army attempt [f. 56a2; (see note) turn back; (see note) (see note) (see note) desired ends truth; (see note) enemies to defeat; (see note) hinder turn where; (see note) shepherds' staves; (see note) (see note) bag bearers plundered; kept; seized waning [of the moon] goods; scoundrels; confounded; (see note) pained unhappily; (see note) obliged; kneel; (see note) (see note) absolve Durham; Carlisle; cease; (see note) weapons; (see note) joy; awakened [f. 56b1 (see note) noble; stout; armour; (see note) taught; (see note) as reward; (see note) (see note) (see note) abundance; (see note) then; (see note) lament crown; (see note) (see note) (see note) (see note) war; allowed him no rest (see note) lodgings; (see note) promise; pledged; (see note) (see note) sayings diverse (see note) before this year [f. 56b2 agreement; (see note) (see note) (see note) (see note) low; bow; (see note) (see note) taken; (see note) host; (see note) hope to succeed brave; admirable in armour; (see note) grave; dead [despite]; deed; (see note) sea bottom; (see note) many; vaunting (see note) trumpets and drums; (see note) (see note) hiding place; (see note) valorous; (see note) (see note) approached nearer [f. 57a1; (see note) made them stumble flee; die; (see note) what; plundered; lose; (see note) advise; cease; (see note) confusion; (see note) (see note) coast; grief; (see note) bold cause you to; be dumped; (see note) (see note) merchants; (see note) (see note) teaching; (see note) obey (revere); (see note) strength; (see note) (see note) thickets lily; leopard; gather; (see note) know; (see note) complaint; (see note) avenge (see note) know; dwelling [f. 57a2; (see note) died; Cross health daring; (see note) teach set out; (see note) (see note) (see note) (see note) leather ladder boat; suffering; (see note) eager to come to terms treacherous; (see note) shall you great your way guests; go; (see note) (see note) pack up; (see note) [f. 57b1; (see note) (see note) (see note) offer; (see note) (see note) every; (see note) grant reward |