The Life of Saint Katherine: Book 2

by: John Capgrave (Author) , Karen A. Winstead (Editor)

from: The Life of Saint Katherine  1999

[The Marriage Parliament]

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 245 250 255 260 265 270 275 280 285 290 295 300 305 310 315 320 325 330 335 340 345 350 355 360 365 370 375 380 385 390 395 400 405 410 415 420 425 430 435 440 445 450 455 460 465 470 475 480 485 490 495 500 505 510 515 520 525 530 535 540 545 550 555 560 565 570 575 580 585 590 595 600 605 610 615 620 625 630 635 640 645 650 655 660 665 670 675 680 685 690 695 700 705 710 715 720 725 730 735 740 745 750 755 760 765 770 775 780 785 790 795 800 805 810 815 820 825 830 835 840 845 850 855 860 865 870 875 880 885 890 895 900 905 910 915 920 925 930 935 940 945 950 955 960 965 970 975 980 985 990 995 1000 1005 1010 1015 1020 1025 1030 1035 1040 1045 1050 1055 1060 1065 1070 1075 1080 1085 1090 1095 1100 1105 1110 1115 1120 1125 1130 1135 1140 1145 1150 1155 1160 1165 1170 1175 1180 1185 1190 1195 1200 1205 1210 1215 1220 1225 1230 1235 1240 1245 1250 1255 1260 1265 1270 1275 1280 1285 1290 1295 1300 1305 1310 1315 1320 1325 1330 1335 1340 1345 1350 1355 1360 1365 1370 1375 1380 1385 1390 1395 1400 1405 1410 1415 1420 1425 1430 1435 1440 1445 1450 1455 1460 1465 1470 1475 1480 1485 1490 1495

Prologue Loke, whanne ye see the sparkes fayre and bryth Spryng fro the fyre and upward fast to goo, Ye may suppose be reson and be ryth Summe fyre is nye; experiens telleth you soo. There go no sparkes, neithir to ne fro, But there as fyre is; this se we ryth at eye. In this same maner of this same lady I sey: These holy wordes, these holy dedes eke, Whech sche spake and used here lyvand, Alle thoo were tokenys that hir hert gan seke Hir gostly spouse; sche lefte not tyll sche found That blyssyd Lord. Sche knowyth not yet His hand As sche schall aftyr, but sche have tokenys gode, And all of God. Sche knowyth not yet the rode, Sche knowyth not Crist, sche hath not herd His lore, But yet the fyre of charité and of love Brennyth in hir so that evyr more and more Hir hert is sette on oon that sytte above. I trowe that dowe the whech upon Crist dide hove Whanne He was baptized had mad in hir His nest. This wote I wele: sche cannot now have rest, But all hir spech is now to comend The grete vertu whech we virginité Amongys us name. Who coude thanne a wende That on this vertu so dewly thynk wold sche, For swech exaumples want in that cuntré. Ther is no man desyryth sche be a mayde - "Sche mote be weddyd nedys," thus thei sayde. And as we see, the more is leyde to brenne, The gretter fyre there is, it is no dowte, For drawe awey the schydys fro it then, Sone wyll the fyre be qwenchyd and be owte. The more this lady vertues is aboute, The more thei grow; thei have a full gode grownde. Her cours, thei sey, as sercle it is rownd, For every vertu folowyth ryth aftyr othyr: Whanne on is come he callyth ine his felaw; Thei love togydir as systir or as the brother, Ech of hem all his besynesse doth to draw Tyll all be come; ryth swech, lo, is her law. Begynne ageyn whan thu hast used the last; Her serculed cours ryth thus lo have thei cast. Thys made hir hate these fleschly lustys alle, For in this sercle sche is so farre i-paste That from that whele sche cast hir not to falle. Hir hert and thei be teyd so wondyr fast, Of hem it hath take so swetly the tast, Thei are mette and mates now and evyr more, Thei are now bownd togedyr wondyr sore. It acordeth full weel, me thynk, to hir name That vicyous lyfe in hir schuld have no place; These Latyn bokys, I suppose, sey this same. Hir name, thei seyn, it is so full of grace That synfull lyfe it can distroy and race, For thus it menyth, certeyn, it is no nay: "Cata" in Grew in Englysch is thus to say, "Ovyr all" or "all"; and "ryne" in oure langage Sownd "fallyng," as who schuld sey, in hir Of synne and schame all the sory rage Destroyd was; it neyhyd hir not nere.1 These holy vertues were to hir so dere, Thei putte awey of synne all the flok; Thei are schyt owt and sche speryd the lok. O noble lady that art now us above, Suffyr oure tungys, thow thei unworthy be, To telle thi lyfe, thi langoure, and thi love, That thu had here in thi devoute secré, To telle the sorowe eke and that adversité Whech with thi Lordys thu suffyrd as a clerk. We wyll now streyte dresse us to that werk. Chapter 1 Now is not ellys but ryde, go, and ren: Messagerys are oute on hasty wyse To calle to parlement alle maner menne, That thei come alle now in her best gyse. Clerkis must come, for thei be so wyse, And lordes, eke, becawse thei be strong. This gaderyng hardely was not taryd long, For, as I rede, withinne wekys thre Thei be come thydir, and that with gret pryde: The Prince of Capadoce wyth a gret mené; The Erl of Joppen cam ryth be his syde - There myght men se who can best sytte and ryde. The Prince of Paphon is come thedyr allsoo; The Duke of Damask, with many another moo. The Duke of Salence, the Duke of Garacen, Thei were there reall, and eke so was he, The Erle of Lymason: ful many strong men Had thei with hem, these reall lordes thre. The Amerell of Alysaundyr, with solemnité He hath receyvyd hem; he was a full strong syre. He is come also, the noble Duke of Tyre. Last of all thedyr gan aproche A worthy man, hir owyn ny cosyne, Thei call him there the Duke of Antioche. All this matere he schall now determyne, Thus wene thei alle, for oute of o lyne Are thei come bothe; he may ryght nowt wante. His wyll in hir hert ful sone schall he plante. The day is come now whech assygned was. The lordes are gadred togedyr all in fere. The lenghe of the halle fully too hundyrd pace So was it, certen, in whech thei gadered were, Syttyng in her cownsell. Thoo men that were there, Thei mett it hemself, thei seyd it was soo - Swech howses in this world ar not many moo. A grete lorde was chose there amongis hem alle To tell her wylle; spekere thei sey he was - I wot not veryly what that men him calle. He went ful esyly forth a ful soft pas Tyll he was come ryght befor the face Of this meke lady and than thus he seyd: "Myn sovereyn lady, ye schull not be dysmayde. "Ye schall forgeve - and that I pray yow here - Thow I to yow sey treuth as I must nede. I am a servaunt, for I hafe take wage and hyre Of yow, my lady, and that in many stede. I am chose eke the nedys for to bede Of all youre reume, of lordys and of othyr. I except ryght noon, for certenly youre modyr "As in this case is ryght on of hem: Sche wyll and thei, that ye, my lady dere - So wyll my lord the Duke of Tyre, youre hem (I sey not fals, for he is present here) . . . . What schuld I lengere hyde now my matere: Ye must now leve youre stody and youre bokys And tak youre solace be feldys and be brokys. "Thynk on youre kyn, thynk on youre hye lyne: If ye lef thus the elde auncetrye Schall fayle in yow. There is no dyvyne Ne phylysophre here wyll sey that I lye, For I sey thus: onto oure goddys hardylye It is not plesaunce that ye schuld thus doo; It pleseth hem bettyr and ye consent ther-too "And eke youre puple that ye a husbond have, A real lorde whech may us alle defende. The goddys frenchep if ye wyll kepe and save, Onto this purpose ye mote nede condescende - Youre puple gretly therby schuld ye mende. Excuseth not that wyll noght be excusede; There is swech choys, it may not be refusede. "What lord is that if onys he myght yow see But he wold have yow? Mech more, dare I sey, If he knew youre cunnynge, as now do we, He wold desyre yow in all manere weye - His crown, his kyngdam, wold he rathere leye Than he schuld want youre noble wyse presence. Who se yow onys desyryth not youre absence! "Therfore, lady, youre servauntis are now here Besekyng that ye wyll of youre grace Ope youre eres and lyst to oure prayere. For this cause only came we to this place Ryght all in feere. Ye may us graunte solace Or peyne and sorow, ryght as ye lyst to chese: Youre answere, lady, schall cause on of these." Chapter 2 Ful astoyned and all abasched sore Was this lady whan sche herd him than. "O noble Godd," thowt sche, "that I now wore No qwen ne lady, for I ne wote ne can Voyde the sentens of this ilke wyse man. My pryvy counsell, whech I hafe bore long, Now must it owte, and that thynkyth me wrong, "For if I schewe that I so long hafe bore, The pryvyest poynt of my perfeccyoun, Me thynkyth swyrly than that I hafe lore The hye degré of my devocyoun. Whan veynglorye comth, vertu is than gon; Vertu serveth to plese Godd only And not the puple - ryght thus redd hafe I. "If I concelle my counsell, than schall I falle In indignacyon of all my puple here; If I denye her askyng in this halle And tell no cause, I put hem more in dwere: Whech thing I do I fall evyr in dawngere. Yet wondyr I sore that my hert is sett On swech a poynte that I cannot lett, "And yet it is ageyns myne owyn lawe Whech I am swore to kepe and to defende. My mynd it faryth ryght as on the wawe A grete schyppe doth, for whan he best wende To be escaped, than comth the wawys ende, He fyllyth the schyppe and forth anon is goo. Onto this poynt I drede I am browte too. "I supposed ful welle to leve now at myn ese; Now must I leeve my stody and my desyre, My modyr, my kyn, my puple, if I wyll plese. I mote leeve stody and wasch my boke in myre, Ryde owte on huntyng, use all new atyre. Godd, Thu knowyst my pryvy confessyoun: I have made all anothyr professyoun.2 "If I myght kepe it, I schall yet, and I may Contynue the same, to Godd I make a vowe. Schuld I now chaunge my lyffe and myn aray And trace the wodes abowte undyr the bow? I loved it nevyr; how schuld I love it now?" Thus thowt this mayde be hirself alone, And aftyr softly with syhynge gan sche grone. Sche spak than lowde - thei myght here at onys: "Gramercy, lordes," sche seyd, "of youre good wylle! Ye sey youre feldys and youre wonys Are in poynt for me to scatyr and spylle3 But if I take a lorde now me untylle Whech may put all this in governaunce; Than schuld ye hafe bothe rest and abundaunce. "I suppose weele that it schulde be soo. Yet wyll ye graunte, pardé, of curtesye, That syth this thing muste nedys goo ther-too That I myselfe in whom all this doth lye May hafe avysement. I am not schape to flye Ne to fle neyther. Me thinkyth ye everychon Have ful gret hast and I haf ryght noon. "I am but yunge; I may full weel abyde: Thus schuld ye sey to me if I had hast. Lete all this matere as for a whyle now slyde Tyll mo yerys of myn age be past. Therwhyles wyll I bothe lok and tast Where I wyll sett me and telle yow myn avyse. I wold noght men seyd I were hasty or nyce, "For hasty schall I noght be in this matere. I sewyre yow here I wyll no husbond take But if I telle my frendys whech be here, Lest that I renne in daunger and in wrake. What schuld I lengere to yow tale now make? Tyme goth fast - it is full lyght of lope - And in abydyng, men seyn, there lyghte hope. "Thus schall we bothe with avysement werk. Best it is, me thinkyt, that we do soo. Late the puple for a whyle jangyll and berk, Spek at her lust, so are thei won to doo.4 The choys is myne; I mote consent ther-too. Tyme of avysement to have, I pray yow. Thys is all and sum that I wyll sey as now." Chapter 3 Than ros a lord, a man of gret stature, A rych man, eke, thei sey that he was. His wordes were taut him with ful besy cure Of a clerke there, the more and eke the lasse.5 His wytte was not sufficient as in this cas To speke in this matere, ryth thus he thouth. "Myn owe lady," he seyde, "it is ful dere abowth, "The absens of youre fader now in this land. I have lost myselve, and so have othir moo, A thousand pownd that was thoo in my hand Whan that he deyed and went us thus froo - The same have othir men; I am sekyr it is soo. We are come heder to here now youre entent In this matere, and ye haske avysement. "Ye myth a be vysyd lady wele i-now Long or this tyme if ye had lyste.6 In long abydyng is ful lytyl prowe All that evyr I mene I wold that ye wyste: It is more sykyr a bryd in youre fyste Than to have thre in the sky above And more profitabyl to youre behove. "'The gray hors whyl his gras growyth May sterve for hunger,' thus seyth the proverbe. Every wyse man as weele as I now knowyth The sore may swelle long or the herbe Is growe or rype - a grete clerke of Viterbe Seyd so sumtyme and wroot it in his boke. We have ful grete nede to spye and to loke "That we now may have a kyng to rewle us and yow, To governe the lawe that it schuld not erre, To be to traytourys both cruel and row, To lede the lordys whan thei go to werre: Fro youre kend this governauns is full ferre! Youre blod is not so myty for to abyde To se man be slayn be youre owyn syde, "To se the boweles cut oute of his wombe And brent befor him whyll he is on lyve, To se man served as thei serve a lombe, Thorowoute his guttys bothe rende and ryve, To se hem draw oute be foure and be fyve. Youre pytous hert myght not se this chaunce, For it wold mak yow to fall in a trauns. "Therfore it is best to yow, thus we think, To take a lord that may suffyr all thys - Whech may se men flete and also se hem synk, Suffyr hem to smert whan thei do amys, Whan thei do weell, to hafe reward and blys. Ryght thus I mene, I mak no lengere tale: But ye do thus, grettere growyth oure bale." Chapter 4 Thys lady answerd onto this lord ageyn, "My faderes absence is more grevous to me Than to yow alle; this dare I savely seyn. And thow he levyd, he were no more, pardé, But o man: withoute men what myght he7 Doo or sey but as o man alone? What nedyth yow now for to make swech mone "For losse of o man? Ye coude whyll he was here Defende youreself thow he with yow not yede. Youre enemyes alle ye put in full grete dwere; Than were thei kept full low in full grete drede. My lord my fadyr whan dyd he you lede? Not many yerys befor that he went hens. As ye dyd than, dothe now in his absence. "Ye chose a capteyn thoo, so may ye now, To whom obeyd as in that jornay Every lord, loked he nevyr so row - Thei durst not onys to him than sey nay! Goode serys all, of pacyens I yow pray, Why may ye not do now as ye dyd thanne? What nedyth yow thus to gruch and to banne? "Ye sey it is lost all that was sumetyme Wonne with swerde: I wote as weell as ye That many a theft and many a gret cryme Was hyd fro him be craft and sotelté. And summe were punychyd - he wold it schuld so be - And yet of this punchyng oft he knew ryght nowt. May it not now in the same case be wrowte? "I vouch save ye ryd and eke ye renne To seke youre enmyes whech do yow this wrong, Distroye her cuntré, her houses down ye brenne, The traytours eke be the nek ye hem hong. What word seyd I evyr, eythere schort or long, Schuld let your corage? I pray yow tell me now! Be good to me ryght as I am to yow." Chapter 5 Than ros a reall, a rych lord ther-with-alle; Thei called him Clarus, Prince of Capados. Upon his knees anoon he gan down falle. "Madame," he seyd, "youre conseytes are full clos. Youre name is spronge, your cunnyng and youre los, All these are know; thei may not now be hyd. And yet ye may neyther doo ne byd "As may a man. Your fadyr - God hafe his sowle - As seyd this lord is ded and go us froo. Whatsoevyr men crye or elles gaule, We are full lykly to falle in care and woo. Come now who schall, he is i-pased and goo, And ye be left for to be oure qween. It lykyght us weel that it schuld so been, "But yet the chaunge is wondyrfull, me think: For a man a woman now we have - And that a mayde. It may in no wey synk In oure hertys that ye myght us save. I schall sey treuthe, thow ye think I rave: Ye wyll wepe and ye youre fyngyr kytte! How schuld it than setyll in oure wytte "Ye myght redresse all that was now spoke? A kyng is ordeynd ryght to this entent: To kepe his castelys that thei be not broke, To kepe his puple that it be not schent. Now is this werk all othyrwyse i-went: To kepe all this a woman is not strong enow - We must enforce us therfore to kep yow. "And thow ye be the fayrest that beryth lyffe (For so wene I and so wene many moo) It wyll become yow full welle to be a wyffe, Myn owne lady, and ye wold enclyne ther-too To bryng forthe frute eythere on or too - It schuld plese us thow that ye had twelve! It schuld plese your modyr and eke youreselve. "All youre rychesse, what schall it us avayle Hyd in youre cophyr and kept now thus clos? Ye may therwith make plate and mayle. I dare well sey the lond of Capadoos, If ye had on whech myght bere up your loos, Wold pay a raunson with full good entent So that ye wold onto this thing consent. "And thow ye be the wysest of this worlde, Yet have ye not o thing that ye wante: Therof youreself wyll bere me recorde. Nature can not - ne wyll not, pardé - plante Myght and strength in women, for thei it want. In stede of strength, of nature thei hafe beuté. Thow ye be fayre and wyse, yet want ye "Bodyly strength wer-with ye schuld oppresse Thoo wykkyd dedys whech reygne now ful ryve. With deth and vengeaunce schuld ye thoo so dresse, Were it in man, in mayden, or in wyffe. I tell yow sekyr, this is a kyngys lyffe: He may not hafe his worchepe all with ese; Summe of his puple oft he must dysplese. "Theyse thingis fall not, us thinkyth, to youre persone.8 Wherfore we wyll and ye consent ther-too Ordeyn a meen: ye schall not lyve alone - Spouseles I mene - as ye yet evyr hafe doo. This is oure erand; my tale is fully doo. Sped this matere, hold us not long suspens, Than is it weele wared, bothe labour and oure expens." Chapter 6 "Gramercy, syr," to him than seyd the qween, "Be the tendyrnesse that ye to me have, Ye love me weell and that is now i-sene; Ye love my worchep, my londys wold ye save. I thank you, syre, I sey not that ye rave, But wysely spek all that ye have told. And for this talkyng, I am to yow behold. "But evyr me thynkyth whan I avyse me weell, If it so streyt were as ye sey with yow - Whech dyssese wold lek me nevyr a deell - For if it were thus as ye pretendyn now Ye schuld not hafe neyther feld ne plow In no pes, if it were all as ye sey. Therfore me thynkyth ye walk no trew wey. "And as for conquest, seres, care ye ryght nowte. Youre lordchepys frely wune were to your handys Or ye coude goo and or that ye were wrowte.9 Ye fawte nevyr yet for townes ne for no landys. Where ar your prisoneres whech ye led in bandys? There was no werre syth that I was bore But on oure borderes, and ye care not therfore, "For we fynde the sowdyoures that be there. Ye pay ryght not - ne nowte I coveyte ye doo. Pluk up youre hertes and be nothing in fere! Arme yow not but if we send yow too. Ye dwelle in pees and so do many moo; Pleyn yow nowte untyll ye fynd grevaunce. Ye sey also that I wold falle in trauns "If domys were kepte evene as thei schuld be And peynes gove to hem that schuld be ded. I am a woman; therfore, it semyth not me Ovyr swech bochery for to hold my hed - Myn hert wold drupe hevy as any led For very pyté: thus ye gune replye Ryght for ye wold I schuld be wedded in hye. "Her-to I answere as ye mote nede sey alle: A kyng, ye wote weell, hath so gret powere Ovyr his puple that whom he wyll he schall To mak hem fre or make hem prysonere; He may graunt lyffe to hem that be in dwere And ek in hope for to be hang and drawe. Thus may he doo; he is above the lawe. "Than I myselve, rathere than I schuld swonne, Myght graunt hem lyffe, thow thei not worthy were: Thus dyd my fadyr full often in this towne - Loke wel abowte for sume of hem be here Whech were thus saved, I am nothing in dwere. I alowe youre motyves whan that thei be owte.10 I merveyle also that ye consydyr nowte "That for because a kyngys gentyll hert Hath swech fredam growyng ryght withinne, Whan he may not se men blede or smert, Therfor his deputees, the more and ek the mynne, Schuld punysch thoo schrewys that can not cese ne blynne Of her evyl dedys. Ilk day ye may this se - It nedyth not herfore to legge auctorité. "Swech deputees, sere, hafe we many and fele That of swech materys nedys mote hem melle. What man that sle, fyght, robbe, or stele, Oure offyceres ful sikirly schul him qwelle - Nay not thei, but the lawe that is so felle, He sleth this meny; thei ar in this cas Servauntys to lawe, the more and eke the las. "All her powere, ye wote weell, of us thei have, As thei had evyr in my fadyres lyffe. Let hem deme, lette hem spylle and save: This longyth to hem - I kepe not of this stryffe. Be it to man, be it to mayde or wyffe, That do amys, be hem thei dampned bene. I schall be to juges bothe kyng and qween." Chapter 7 The Erle of Jaff was called Syr Ananye. He stode up than and to this lady sayde, Agens hir answere he gan ryght thus replye: "It is full perlyous," he seyd, "to be a mayde And eke a qween. Ye may be full sone afrayde If any rysyng or ony scisme were sterde, For of a kyng men wold be more ferde "Than thei of yow are, it is no dowte. The puple erryth: behold ye not how fele Thorowowte youre londe in every town abowte Renn as woodemen? Ye may it not consele: Thei fyght, thei flyght, thei robbe, and thei stele. All this aray me thynkyth ye sett at nowte; It faryth as ye of all this thing ne rowte! "Ye sett more, be Godd that sytt above, Be on old boke and eke more deynté have Than be werre or justys, lust or elles love. Men sey thei schall bryng yow to your grave. What do your bokys? Pardé thei wyll not save Neyther man ne best; thei dull a mannys mende, Apeyre his body, his eyne thei make blynde. "He that taute you fyrst this scole, I pray He mote be hangyd - I trow he is worthy: He hath yow browte and put in sweche aray That myrth and joye ye late hem slyde forby! Evyr at bokes ye sytte, knele, and lye. Alas, madame, who lese ye youre tyme - I wepe so sore I may no lengere ryme! "For Goddys lofe and for youre puples sake, Chaunge now youre lyff and let your bok be stylle. Loke no lengere upon thoo letteres blake, For, be my trowth, stody schall yow spylle. Tend onto myrth; tak a lord you tylle: Than schal your body be full heyll and qwert, And mech more ese schull ye haf at hert." Chapter 8 "Ye wold allgate that I schuld wedded be Ryght for this skylle: ye sey men drede me nowte; If any scysme were reysyd in this cuntré It were not likly be me for to be browt To ony good end - men sett at me ryth nowt. Ye schuld drede more a man than ye do me. And I sey thus: I knowe as wele as ye "A man alone, be he nevyr so wyse Ne eke so strong, he may no more, iwys, But evyn as I may. His puple shal be nyse And eke evele tetched; the powere is not his To amend alone all that is amys: His lordes must help to his governayle And elles his labour it wil lytyl avayle. "Help ye on youre syde as I shal on myn! Loke ye be trew onto my crowne and me, Lete no treson in youre hertys lyn, Than schal this lond ful wele demened be. O noble God, who grete felicité Shuld be with us if we were in this plyth; We myth sey than oure levyng were ful ryght. "Wyl ye now here how puple may make her kyng To erre sumtyme and sumtyme to do amys? Ryth be ensaumple shal I prove this thing: There was a kyng here besyde, iwys, Fere in the est, that lyved in joy and blys In Babilony; evene Nabugodonoser he hyth. His puple made him to do ageyn the ryth, "For he had with him in maner of a preest, A ful goode man and of grete abstinense. Ful pryvy thingis bare he in his breest; He coude telle all of derth and of pestilence. O thing there was in whech he dede offence: He worchiped not swech goddes as we doo. Danyel he hyth. But among lyones too "Was he putt, ryth for the puple so wolde. The kyng durst not wythstand hem in that cas; He must do soo, thow he wold or nolde. Ful sore repentaunt aftyrward he was, For Danyell was saved ryth be Goddys grace. (Whech God he servyd God, wold I myght Him know, That noble Godd that made His myght so growe "In swech lowe puple.) Here may ye see and ken For puples crying a kyng may oftyn erre. The woode opynyon of swech fonned men Makyth a lord oft tyme to do the werre, To make him mevyd, to sett him oute of herre. Fy on her cry whan thei no reson hafe! Ye sey alsoo, for that ye wold me save, "I must leve book, I must leve stody eke. My bokes, seres, Godd help, what greve thei yow? This wordly governaunce were not worth a leke Ne were these bokes; thei are to mannes prow Full necessarye, for oure myndys are swech now It slydyth forby, all that evyr thei know, And be oure bokes ageyn full fast thei grow. "How schuld we wete that the fyrst man of alle Had hyght Adam and eke his wyff Eve Save that in a booke whech Genesis thei calle? (I sey it onys wrete and red it on a eve; Yet is that book not of oure beleve Receyved as yet; me thinkyth it must nede, Because he tellyth the begynnyng and the dede "Of oure olde faderes.) Who schuld eke know The worthy conquestys of elderys that were here If bokes teld hem not only be rowe? We can forgete that we dyd this yere! Wherfore oure bookes tell to us ful clere Swech manere thinges as we had forgete. Youre opynyon, therfore, sere, now must ye lette, "For Goddys lawe, ne mannys, schuld not be know Ne were oure bokes, this dare I savely say. Oure preestes arn fayn to loke hem be row Ageyn a feest, ageyn an holyday, Whan thei wyll preche of any swech aray, Eythere of Jubiter or Neptune, his brothyr. Leve we than this matere and carp of summe othyr. "Blame not swech thing that stant in full grete stede! Curse not my mayster, for than wyll I be wrothe. It semyth you bettir for to bydde youre bedde Than to sey swech wordes. (Eke it is ful lothe To me to sey thus, but only for myn othe11 Whech that I made to meynteyn al maner thing Whech longe to our goddis and to her offring.)" Chapter 9 Than spake a lord thei called Ser Hercules, The Prince of Paphon, of that gret cuntré. Every man sat stille and held his pees To here the speche, the tale whech that he Began to telle, for his auctorité Was thoo ful gret in special for his age. His wordes were acordyng to his visage. Thus he began: "It is bettir, my lady dere, In swech a caas whan it mote nedis be doo, To do it at onys than for to lyve in dwere And for to abyde eythir yer or too. Take ye no heed? Consyder ye not ther-too, How Ovyde seyde and wrote it in his booke: 'Whan thing is newe bewar betyme and looke "'For to amende it, for medecyn comyth ovyr late Whan that the man his ded and hens i-goo And with his frendes born oute at the gate'? Youre londes, lady, if ye take heed ther-too, Ly fer asunder, for fro this cuntré, loo, Whech we be inne rith onto Famagost Is many a myle. How schuld ye with your host "Ryde sweche a way? And if that ye schuld sayle, It wold yow fese the salt watter row. Youre hert wold drede, withoutyn ony fayle; That I sey now, me thinkyth it for youre prow. The lond of Cipre that I cam thorow now Is eke ful ferre. It mote nedes be a man Whech schal, wil, and eke that may and can, "Do al this labour both in flesch and gost, Ryde and seyle, labour to se his lande, Sumtyme here, sumtyme at Famagost. Thus shal he governe the lond, the see, the sand. Than may ye have youre bokes in youre hand And stody youre fille; it shal not greve us. Me thinkyth sewyrly that ye shul wil thus: "Ye shul desyre to be more at youre ese, To weld youre leysere as ye desyre to have. There is mech thing that doth you oft displese Whech shuld not than.12 Therfor, if ye will save Youre owne astate and thus no lenger wave Both too and fro, doth be oure counsayle. In tyme comyng it may yow mech avayle." Chapter 10 "Gramercy, sere, of youre goode counsayle," Thus seyd the qween, "if ye be as ye were, Youre myth and cunnyng may us mech avayle, And, as me thinkith, no man schal us dere. On Paphon or Cipre shal there be no were Whil that ye lyve - herof I drede ryth nowth! Now, wold God so, it were ful dere iboute "Upon my body, in case that it stood soo Thorow all my lond as it in Cipre stant!13 I mith than stody, than myth I tend ther-to, And al my wil therof now I want. Ye shuld plese God if ye wold set and plant Youre knythly maneres in yong men that be here To lern hem just, I wolde wele qwite youre hyere. "Of that gret godd ek whech governeth all batayle - Mars I mene - whos knyght ye hafe be founde, Ye schall haf worchep, thow ye hafe non avayle, To tech hem holde the schaftes that be rounde. With youre praysyng my tale schuld more abunde But that we schuld noght preyse men in presence. Than in youre londe I lak not now the absence "Of my lorde my fadyr; it is noght gretly aspyed His deth with yow. I sette cas ferthermore That if I were, as ye wolde, now newe alyede - Weddyd I mene - what schuld than youre sore Therby be esed? That man is not yet bore, Were he nevyr so wys, manfull, or stronge, Of hert fell, of body broode and longe, "That myght at onys be in all these places Whech ye spak of ryght now in youre tale. Thow he had plenteuously all the grete graces Whech kepe a man fro byttyr peynes bale And save him harmles, as withinne the wale Of a strong schyppe a man is bore alofte, Yet myght he noght, rode he nevyr so softe, "Be in too places at onys. For ryght as a stone Whan he is layd in his naturall place May not that tyme be founde but there alone Where he was leyd, ryght so in this cas O man may not be in dyverse place And that at ones, fore be oure phylosophye It is condempned as for an heresye. "Therfore, ryght thus we conclude oure clause: Every body hath his naturall rest Aftyr his kende or aftyr his pryvy cause Whech that the goddes ryght evene as hem lest Have departed. To opyne thus than holde I best: He that is here, he is here and noowhere ellys. Example, lo, I mene, whosoevyr that dwelles "At grete Alysaundyr, he dwelleth not in Famagost. Than must every man nedys himself remeve And cary his men thorowowte all the coost, Ete at noone, rest him eke at eve, Here and there as his jornay wyll preve. Ryght so may I, thow I a woman be. Than in your argument me thynkyth no difficulté." Chapter 11 The Duk of Damaske was wroth with this answere. He stoode up tho and thus he gan to sey, "In my yong age ryght thus dyd I lere: The pupyll must nedys onto the kyng obeye, Love him and drede him evyr tyll thei deye, For thei are bounde full sore thus to do, And we wyll evyr hertly bowe ther-too. "So is a kyng swore eke ful depe To love his pupyll, be thei heye or lowe, Ryght and trowth amonge hem alle to kepe So that noo wrong schuld hem ovyrthrowe. Thus are ye swore, madame; ye it knowe Bettyr than I what is to breke an othe. Reson may not, ne schall not, make yow wrothe. "Youre othe was this, if ye remembyr yow welle, To ordeyn so for londe, for man and town, That alle these thingys at every tyme and seele Schuld be redressed, be it up or down, For that thei longe alle onto youre crown. This othe may ye not save non other wey But if ye wyll onto oure wyll obeye "For to be weddyd onto summe worthy man. 'Where is no lorde there is no lawe,' men say. Now, be my trowth, in no wey think I can That ony woman if there come a fray Schuld sese us sone, and specyaly a may. Ye bere us down with youre philosophye, But at the last ye must bowe hardylye." Chapter 12 "Sere," seyd the qwene, "ye make now swech a skyll Ryght in your tale whech ye enforsed now That I wold thus, and that it were my wylle, That ye no governauns had. And I sewyre yow I thowte it nevyre; it were not to my prow, For thow I schuld noye alle oure oost, Thys wote I well, it schuld touche me moste.14 "I kepe and schall myn othe whech I made - Tyll that I deye I schall it nevyr breke. Ye may wel carpe and in your langage wade, New wordes reherse and new resones speke Whech were rehersyd and have her answers eke. Me lyst not for to remembre swech thyng ageyn, But thus mech, sere, to yow dare I seyn: "As for my fadyr, he left yow in rest and pes And in noo debate, ne lykely for to be. If there ryse ony, ye may youreself it ses And but ye do ye be ontrewe to me, Not to me oonly but to the magesté Of my crown and gylty for to deye. Avyse yow bettyr whan that ye lyst to seye." Chapter 13 A gret clerk thoo stod up be himselve That was ful scharp in wytte as I wene. In this matere he thowte thoo for to delve A lytyll deppere; therfor unto the qwene Thus he spake: "These lordes all bedene, Thei can not, lady, aspye as yet youre art, Who pregnantly ye can kepe youre part. "Ye arn lerned and so be thei nowte; It is less wondyr thow thei concluded be. But evyr wondyr I gretly in my thowte, Ye sett no more be that hye degré - Grettest of all, I mene the regalté. Who schuld preys it but ye? I supposyd, Aftyr the name with whech ye are losed, "That ye wold enhaunse this ilk degré Most of all women. What eylyth now your wytte? I am in poynt to leve it is noght ye. This matere, lady, onto myn hert it sytte So sore, iwys, me thynkyth it will it kytte. Ye drynk so sore, I trowe, of poetrye And most in specyale of him, Valerye, "Whech wold, it semyth, that no man wedded schulde be: He counseled so to on Ruffyn, ye know it welle. 'Ya ovyrwelle, what nede is for me For to rehers the sorow, the langoure everydelle, Whech that longyth unto that fykil whelle Of spousalye,' as wrytyth this hold clerke, Valerye, the moost in this forsayd werke. "But thow in the pore be often swech myschauns, It is not thus in swech grete magesté With whech we wolde yow, lady, now avauns.15 And evyr contrarye onto oure wylle are ye. Thynk ye not what ye seyd wole late, pardé? Ye spake not long sythe and seyd ryght even thus: Ye wold, ye seyd, have on to governe us. "What schuld he be but he were a kyng? There may no man governe this grete reem But swech a man that is able in all thing To wedd you, and for my lord your em May not wed you, neyther in whech ne drem, Therfore he may not here as in this place Bere noo crown, for it stant in your grace "Who schall it bere; it longeth onto your ryght. Syth ye have graunted than that we schall have A governoure to sett us in good plyth, Than have ye graunted all that evyr we crave; And fro this purpos efte ye turn and wave And sey ye wyll no husbonde have as yitte. Beholdeth now wysely if so be that your wytte "Be stedefastly i-sett evyr upon o poynt. Me thynkyth nay, ye changen too and froo: Now wyll ye, now are ye in another joynte, And than wyll ye not. Who schuld we come ther-too To know youre purpos whan ye vary soo? Let us know pleynly, lady, what ye mene! We be youre men; thinkyth ye be oure qwene." Chapter 14 "Sere," seyd the qwene, "ye be lordes fele And wyse also. What nedyth yow thus to care Whan ye be yung, lusty, and in good hele? Eke your countres beth as now not bare Neyther of corn, of men, ne of welfare. But to yow, syr, I wondir mych more than ye, For ye sey in this matere ye hafe merveyle of me; "And where ye sey that I wold now disseyve With my termes, my lordes, whech I love, I pray yow hertly that ye wyll noght conceyve Of me swech thing. For truly, it wold not prove. Swech japes to make were not to behove, Neythyr to me ne to non other wyght. To be a dysseyvoure, it is a grett despyte. "Ye sayd eftsone that I dyspyse a kyng, Eke that astate I trede all undyr fote. Thow I be not enclyned to your askyng As for to be weddyd whan I schall, Godd wote, Yet am I come bothe of that stok and rote - I may not hyde it for it is know so wyde - Bothe on my faderes and on my moderes syde. "Schuld I than dyspyse that hye degré Whech that is ordeynd be Goddys providens, Whech is eke come be descense to me? Godd forbede in me that gret offens, Or that I were founde in swech neclygens. I wote full weele a kyng is all above, Ovyr his ligys, bothe in fere and love, "And thei be to him, as it were, botraces To schove and holde fast and stedefastly, To meyten ryght ageyn all wrong traces. A kyngis myght full small is, hardyly, Withoute swech help, ye wote as weel as I. But that ye lyst to seye as for youre part, Than semeth it, sere, that I use treuly myn art "And not pretende in no manere terme Non othyr sentens than the terme schuld have16 But use my langage stabyly and ferme. Myn entent is swech, so Godd me save, And evyr schall be, I trow, nevyr to wave Fro that purpos whylys that I am here. This is my mynde, if ye wyll it here. "Ye list also me efte to reprove For I graunted yow to have a governoure; Therfore ye sey fully I gave you leve To have a kyng, lord of town and toure. Lett be youre sophym! Your termes are but soure, For thow ye bryng forth alle your hool bunch Ye schall not mak an elne of a unch. "I sett cas a man hath gove to you a best: It folowyth not ther-of that he gave yow an ox He may as weell paye the more as the lest, He may chese to geve yow a hors or a fox. Your termes come owte of that sotyll box Of Aristoteles Elenkes, made in swych wyse Who so that lerneth hem, he schall seme wyse. "So graunted I to yow to have youre choys fre, To chese a duke whech that schuld lede yow, Not for to have no governauns upon me, But to my byddyng he must lowte and bowe. All this entent yet eft I new alowe: Thus schull ye have your wylle and I schall have myne, For of myn answere, sere, here is the fyne." Chapter 15 "Madame," quod the Erle thoo of Lymasones, "Alle these lordes that now here sitte Wondyr full sore of your grete resones. Thei wayle, eke, that ye have swech a wytte. Youre wordes are scharpe - thei can bynde and kytte - But had ye ben as other women are Than schuld ye a ferde as other women fare. "Youre scole wyll schath us, iwys, we skape it nowte. We hoped of you to have had summe grete empryse, But all is turned nothing as we thowte.17 In many materes men may be ovyre wyse. Youre conceytes, madame, set hem in summe syse. For love of Godd, whech is oure governoure, Accepte oure wyttes and leve sumewhat of youre. "We may weel doo rith as ye sayn, Chese us now a ledere, if that we list, Whech schall be to us in manere of a chevetayn. But in this lond it was yet nevyr wyst; He myght be swech, paraventure, that he schuld fro your fyst Drawe mech of youre lande evyn unto him. Avyse yow ryght weele; this matere is full dym. "Eke thow we peyned us alle him to plese, He schuld noght lyke us, certeyn, lyvyng yow;18 Oure hertes schuld not have no rest ne no ese But he were lorde, ryght as ye be lady now. It is full harde ageyn wylle to bowe. He cowde not be chose eke among ony of us, And hard it is to leve in langoure thus." Chapter 16 Than answeryd schortely that fayre, swete may: "Sere erl," sche sayde, "ye may full wele tryst There is but o poynt to whech I sey nay, And my cawse is this: I have yet no list That ony man my maydynhod schuld twyst But if I knew bettir what that he were. Thus say I now and thus sayde I ere: "I wyll abyde tyll bettir tyme may come, A yere or two tyll that I elder be, For to wedde yet me thynk it full sone, And to youre governawns thus I demene me. If ye lyst not to have on, I graunt you two or thre Whych men may governe withowtyn envye. I profyr yow reson whatsoevyr ye crye." Chapter 17 Than spak the Amyrell of gret Alisaundre. Thus he gan sey, ryght in this manere: "Youre wordis to your wysdam are but slaundre, Thus thynk your frendis all that sytte here. Loke that ye throw not now all in the mere, Loke that ye lese not now your gret namyd lose Whan that ye may so heyly it endoos. "How honour ye youre owne grete astate! Why hate ye now that ilk lady must have? Wherfore have ye swech thing in hate That may youre londes and eke yourself save? If ye were not my lady, I wold wene ye rave, For yf all these conceytes had come of wyt Mo folk than ye wold have usyd it! "Men seyn, madame, that he maddyth more That doth lich no man, and is more oute of herre Than is a foole that can not se before, Ne can not knowe the best fro the werre. Be ye ware betyme that ye no lengere erre. Schape not youreself ne youre lond to schend; Thynk now betyme what shal be the ende! "Ye wote that I am keper of this grete cité, And in this same cité, as now standyth it soo, There is many a man and many dyverse degré, Both Cristen and hethen frely com ther-too. I woote not sumtyme what is best to doo. I dwelle here soo in swech maner drede, I knowe not my frend whan I have nede. "I se also here anothir grete myscheffe In you, madame, and ye lyst to here: Ye be to every man both deynty and leffe, And ye no man cownt not at a pere. It wyll not prove, swech solen daungere. Thinke on othir that have abyden long, And at the last thei have walkyd wrong." Chapter 18 "And dede thei so," seyd this noble qwene, "So shal I not wyth grace of God above. My wyttes, I telle you, nothing besy been In swech matere, neythir to lust ne to love. Fy on tho hertes that evyr on swech thing hove! Dred yow not of me in this matere: Beth not aferd tyl ye more thing here. "And as for youre puple that amonges you dwelle, Have ye not powere and ful auctoryté To put out hem whech beth of hert so felle, Or hem that use falshed or sotylté Be whech oure rewme happyly harmed myth be? Syth that ye may, why do ye not youre dede? Thei that lett yow are worthy to be dede! "Ye are a man large and grete of bones: Yf youre hert be as youre grete body is, Ye ar ful lyckly to do more note at onys Than othir thre men. A schame for soth it is That swech a man schuld fere ony of his Whan that he may correct hem himselve - I wold wene ye alone shuld oppresse twelve!" Chapter 19 An othir duke gan than to approche. Ser Clamadoure thei calle his ryth name, A worthi man and Duke of Antioche, The qwenes cosyn, a lord of ful grete fame. "Thei that lerned you ar ful mech to blame, As in my conceyt," thus seyd he to the qwene, "For of swech wytt and of swech cunnyng ye been, "It passith oure wittis; there is no more to say. Lych to an egle ye flye us all above, Yete in as mech as ye be yet a may And eke a qwene, it fallyth to youre behove To fostre hem whech you drede and love. Despise hem nowt thow that thei be dulle - Nout lich to you, for ye be in the fulle, "As I suppose. I pray God, as for me, Grow ye no hiere - youre wyt is hye inow. Than thow oure wytt be not in swech degré, Yet oure good wyll must ye nedes alow - What shal men ellys wryte and sey of yow, That ye dysdeyne the pore creature And hauns youre witt out of all mesure. "What thing letteth yow that ye wil not us leve? And be we youre men and youre servauntis alle, Youre counsayl, lady, whech shal yow not greve, Ye shuld tel us, for it may so falle That the bettir end that mater schale Be browt to, for the mo wyse hedes there be In ony matere, the bettir is it, as thinkyth mee." Chapter 20 "Cosyn," sche seyd, "ye preyse sore a kyng, But I wold wete of you the cause qwy That o man above many shall have governing, To byd and comaund, send both fer and nye. What is the cause that he hath swech maystry Ovyr all men and no man hath ovyr him - He his lord of lond, of body, and of lym? "In elde tyme, for stryff and for debate Amongys the puple that reygned to and froo,19 And for to staunch bothe envye and hate, For to have reule, thei were compellyd ther-too To chese a leedere hem for to governe thoo. This was the cause why thei chose a kyng: Thei schuld ellys a streve for many a thyng, "For whan there is not ellys but pere and pere, There is non as than wyll do for othyr: On seyth here, another seyth it schall be there.20 This stryffe, it fallyth betwyx brother and brother; Ageyn the son sumtyme stryvyth the modyr. Than were thei chose ryght for this entent: To bryng in reule thing that was wrong went. "Summe were chose for wysdam and for wytt, Summe for strenght, summe for humanyté. That I sey treuth, cronycles wytness it. So than a kyng as in auctorité Excellyth his puple, for there be as wyse as he Oft tyme seyn ryth withinne his londe. Than may ye se that all this servyle bonde "Came oute of fredam; the puple was sumetyme fre And had noo lord, but ych man reuled himselfe. Thus cam thei than oute of her liberté: Be her fre choys, ten of hem or twelve Were draw awey; thei schuld no lengere delve Ne do no laboure but reule the cuntré abowte; And to her heed hemself yet must thei lowte. "But for ye wyll allgate know myn hert, What that I thynk, I tell you platt and pleyn: There schall nevyr man, be he nevyr so smert Ne eke so strong, wynne me - that is to seyn, Have me to spowse - I wyll no lengere feyn, But if he be so strong himself alone That he be able to fyght with all his fone. "Thys is the ende and this my wyll now is; Let us no more as in this matere speke. So God my soule bryng onto his blys, This covenaund made ne schall I nevyr breke. Ye may well carp, stryve, clatyr, and creke; Whan all is doo, this schall be the ende. Your wordys therfore lett hem falle fro mende." Chapter 21 Than was there woo and waylyng eke enowe. Thei morned alle and made mekyl mone Whan that thei sey where-to the matere drowe. Carefull wytys were thei than ilkone. The qween hir modyr gan to syghe and grone. Sche seyd, "Doghtyr, this is noght your avayle; Put not your purpos in swych grete perayle.21 "Your dotyng dayes, I trow, now be come! What wold ye hafe? Wote ye what ye say? Thorowoute this worlde, in Grece ne in Rome, Is no swych man that this thyng do may, Schuld kepe a londe of so gret aray, And he alone. What wene ye for to hafe? It is impossible that ye desyre and crafe! "Avyse yow bettyr and take another day Tyll that your wytte is chaunged and your thowte. Is your wysdam now turned to swech aray For to desyre swych thing as is nowte? Cursyd be thei that yow here-to browte Onto this errour, to do as no man dothe, That every poynt thei varye fro the sothe." Chapter 22 "Madame," sche seyd, "this thing whech I schall doo, I not who sett it in myn hert, treuly: It is so fast I may not fle ther-froo; It clevyth so sore it wyll not slyde forby; Wheythyr I goo, sytte, knele, or elles ly, For noo counseyll I may it not forsake, Ne for noo crafte awey I can it schake." Chapter 23 Than wept the qween and was in care and woo, And to the lordes sche sayd, "All is i-lorn! What schall we say? What schall we speke or doo? I wayle the tyme that evyr sche was born: Hir hert is harde and tow as is the thorn; Hir wytte is sett so hye I wot not where. There is no man that may hir here answere! "What sey ye cosyn, lord and duk of Tyre? What comyth herof? Can ye owte ferther say? For as wyth me, dunne is in the myre.22 Sche hath me stoyned and browte me to abay: Sche wyll not wedde; sche wyll be styll a may. It schall cause my deth but mech sonere, loo, Because I leve thus in swech care and woo!" Chapter 24 Than roos this lord, em to the qween, Gaufron he hyght. He was hir omagere And Duke of Tyre. Mech thing had he seen; He had passed, eke, many a grete daungere. He was the next of hir kynrod there; He myght more boldly sey all his entent. "Madame," he seyd, "a thing that was nevyr ment, "What ayles yow that ye desyre so sore (And ye so yung and wys woman alsoo) A thing that lawe forbedyth evyrmore? (Nature eke wyll geve no leve ther-too!) This ye desyre, ye wyll not twynn ther-froo. What is youre wyll - I wolde wyte what ye mene - Wyll ye youre bodye fro alle men kepe clene? "What boote was it to us that ye were born If that ye wyll not do ryght as thei dede - I mene youre fadyr and modyr yow beforn? Ye had not come ne sote now in this stede Had not your modyr with mech care and drede Browt yow forth and to this lyght yow bore. Folow ye the steppys of hem that went before! "Ye do wrong ellys onto tho chyldryn alle Whech ye are lykly to bryng forthe and bere. What desese and what myschefe may falle But if ye do thus I trow youreself wot nere: To put all this thyng oute of drede and fere And that this synne in yow schuld not be sene, A kynges doghtyr to dey bothe mayd and qween, "I counsell yow thus and ye receyve it wold, To fle this chauns of feyned chastité, Hewe not so hye but if ye may it holde, Desyre no thyng that may not goten be. Lerneth this lessoun if that ye lyst of me: Sche is not born, me thynkyth, that myght wynne To grype a degré so grete as ye begynne." Chapter 25 "Uncle," sche seyd, "and that were me full lothe To clyme so hye that I myght not come down, For, as I wene, that matere wold greve us bothe And lese oure londe be cyté and eke be town, It were destruccyoun eke to oure crown, God He lede us that we come not there To ley oure worchep so lowe undyr brere. "But for ye say to me it schuld be joye To hafe a lord schuld governe both yow and me, I sey yow nay, it schulde be but a noye Onto myn hert. For if it were so that he Were lovyng and gentyll and all his hert on me That he lovyd me and I him best of alle, What sorow hope ye onto myn hert schuld falle "If that he deyd or ellys were slayn in felde And I forgo that thing that I loved best? It myght fall also, thow it hap but selde, That this love betwyx us too myth brest And part asundyr; this were a full hard rest Onto oure hert! Therfore to put alle oute of dowte: I wyll not entere whil I may kepe me owte. "What, counsell ye me swech game to begynne Whech is not stedfast in lowe ne in astate? In all her gladeness, sorow is evyr withinne, And with her plesaunce eft medeleth debate. Therfore that lyfe I despyce and hate That hath noo sewyrté but evyr is variable; I wold hafe lyffe and love that evyr is stable." Chapter 26 "O mercy Godd," seyd the gret Baldake, He was thoo lord and prince of Palestyne, "There may no man my lady grype ne take; Hir craft is swech we may hir not enclyne. There is no philosophyre ne ek noo divine Whech sche dredyth - hir termys be so wyse. Whatevyr we say, sche gevyth of it no pryce. "I sey yow, madame, as it is seyd before, We want a leedere, if we owte schuld doo. Bethynk yourself: fro tyme that ye were bore To Gorgalus tyme thre hundred yere and moo It is, certeyn, and yet stod it nevyr soo As it stant now, madame, in no lond of youre. Of thing that ye rejoye we schall hafe langoure!" Chapter 27 "What wold ye hafe," seyd this noble qween, "Have ye not gove to me bothe crown and londe? I am your lady; my subjectis all ye been: I wot full wele what longyth to the bonde Of regalté whech I hold in myn honde. For every werk, sothely, it stant in too: In good councell and eke in werkyng alsoo.23 "The wytt and councell, syre, that schall be oure - We schall telle how we wyll hafe it wrowte - And all the labour and werke, that schall be youre. Youre grete lordchype ye schul nogt have for nowte: The lond of Palestyne, it was nevyr to yow boute; It was gove youre elderes yow before To serve my crown and ther-to be ye swore." Chapter 28 Than spake anothyr, lord of Nychopolye; He seyd wordys whech sempt full wyse. His name was called thoo Syre Eugeny. To the qween he spake than ryght on this wyse: "The estate of regalté is of swych a pryce Ther may no man sothly to it atteyne But if he hath both powere and wytte, certeyne. "Therfor, sey I yett that we nedys muste Be rewled be on whech that hath these too, Bothe wytt in sadnesse and powere eke in lust,24 And elles oure reule sone wyll breke in two. As other londys are reuled, let us be reulyd soo; Let us suppose thei be as wyse as we, For thus he wrytyth, the astronomere Tholomé, "'Who-so wyll not doo as his neyboure werk Ne wyll not be ware be hem whan thei do amys, Of him schul other men bothe carp and berke And sey, "Beholde this man, lo, he it is, Wheythyr he do weel or wheyther he do amys, He wyll none exaumple of other men i-take; Exaumple to othyr mene he schall be for that sake. "'"All othir mene schul be ware be him, For thei schul se and fele in hemselve That his werkys were bothe derk and dyme."' Therfore, madame, what schuld I lengere delve In this matere? Me thynkyth ten or twelve Schuld geve exaumple rathere than schall oone. Ye have my mocyoun, for my tale is doone." Chapter 29 The qween full sadly answerd to this lord: "I wold wyte," sche seyd, "of yow whyll ye be here And alle, I trowe, togyder mote acorde, If that I dede this tyme at youre prayere, To leve my wyll and put me in daungere, I sett cas the man whech that I schall chese To be youre lord, that he have non of these - "That is to sey neythyr wytte ne strength. What sey ye now? Who schall reule yow than Youre londys that ly so fer in brede and length? The febyll may nott, the fool eke ne can Demene swych thing; than wyll ye curs and bane That evyr were ye subjectys to swech a foole And to youre hert it wolde be full grete dole. "Ye schuld be fayn, than, for to reule him, To councell and rede that he do not amys. This were noo worchepe to me ne to my kyn! And sekyrly a full grete cause it is That I wedde nowte, for owte of joye and blis Schuld I than passe and make myselve a thralle; Held me excused, for sykyrly I ne schalle! "For syth ye sey that I am now so wys, Than have I o thing whech longeth to regalté. There is no man but if he be ovyr nys But if he wyll sey and held with me That it is bettyr whan it non other wyll be To chese the on than for to want bothe.25 Chese ye now; we be no lengere wrothe." Chapter 30 Yet gan to knele eft befor the qween, Bothe maystir and Duke of Athenes, that cyté; Mayster he was in scole and long had been, And duke i-chose be the puple thoo was he, For her choys there as than was fre, To have what man whech hem liked to heed. Thus in his tale began he in that steed: "We supposyd, lady, evyr onto this tyme, That ye had come of that gentyll bloode Of your modyr descendyd down be lyne, And of your fadyr that was ful gentyll and good, But oure opynyoun is chaunged and oure moode, For as it semyth ye are nothing of kyne, And if ye were, ye coude not cese ne blyne "To folow the steppes of your elderys before, As grayn reall growyn oute of her grounde, For nature wolde, thow ye the revers had swore, That ye were lych hem, certeyn, in every stownde. And in oure philosophye, I hope, thus it is founde That naturaly the braunch oute of the rote Schall tak his savour, be it soure or swote. "Ferthermore, yet sey oure bokys thus: That every lych his lych he schall desyre. Be all these menes, it semeth than to us, Eyther ye cam nevyr duly to this empyre, Or ellys your hert dyspysyth joye as myre! I can no more - I speke oncurteslye. I may not chese, I am so vexed trulye." Chapter 31 Onto the duk thus answerd thoo the qween: "Ye make a resoun of ful gret apparens; Ye schew full wele where that ye hafe been, In the grete nest of bysy dylygens, Where stody and wytt is in experiens - I mene Athenes, of wysdam it beryth the key; Who will oute lerne, lat him take thedyr the wey. "But nevyrthelasse, thow that ye be endewyd With wordly wysdam and can all thing pleynly So that ye may with no sophym be pursewyd, Yet to your motyff answere thus may I And voyd youre resoun well and pregnantly, If ye wyll here and take entent to me, For if men take heed, oft tyme thei may se "Owte of a tre growyng dyverse frute, And that same tre that sumetyme bare the grene, Now bereth he reed or whyte of dyverse sute.26 Be this example pleynly thus I mene: My modyr is and so am I a qween, In this we acord, and that I am a may, In that we dyverse, I can not ther-to sey nay. "It semeth me that lych a griff am I, I-planted be God upon an elde stoke Of anothir kynde, anothyr savour hardyly, And evene as be miracle the elde blok Whech is clovyn in foure with many a knok Schall rathere folow the gryff than the gryff him, So faryth it be me and be my eldere kyn: "Thei schul rathere consent to leve all sole, As I do now, than schall I folow hem, For certeynly I kepe not of that scole Where that her joye is but lych a drem. Farwell fadyr, farwell modyr, and eem: Whan that her counsell is not profitable, I take swych lyffe, I hope, is ferm and stabyll." Chapter 32 Whan thei had sayd all that evyr thei coude, Thei went asundir and parted for a space, Comound her wyttys styll and nothing lowde, Evyr hopyng and lokyng aftyr grace Of this same mayde, if thei it myght purchase. And at a day sette, thei cam togedyr ageyn To have an answere of hir, plat and pleyn. Thei chose a clerke to telle hir alders tale, Whech was full wys and of full grete cunnyng. For very stody his vysage was full pale; Alle his delyte and joye was in lernyng. Be alle her consent, he had enformyd a thyng Whech he wyll uttyr if he may owte spede,27 And all is lost but sche ther-to take hede. "Foure thinges," he seyde, "madame, be in yow, Whech schuld excite yow wedded for to be. If ye comaunde, I wyll declare hem nowe: The fyrst of hem is that grete dygnyté Of your bloode ryall; I trow that there non be In all this world whech is so hye alyed. The secunde also may be sone aspyed, "For it is open to every mannes eye, I mene your beuté, God mote it preserve. There lyvyth no man that evyr fayrere syye - Evyr lest it tyll tyme that ye sterve! That blessed lady whech we clepe Mynerve, Sche hath gove yow the thryd that I of sayde, Whech is cunnyng-it is so on yow layde "It may not fall fro yow be no weye. And eke the fourt is the gret rychesse Whech that ye welde - I can not tell ne seye, For, as I suppose, no man may hem gesse. Suffyr me, lady, my resones to expresse So that thei may be onto yow plesaunce, And eke your puple, I hope, it schuld avaunce. "The fyrst of alle, as I seyd before, Is youre bloode, your reall stok and lyne Owte of whech ye were begote and bore. This schuld your hert bothe drawe and enclyne For to spede oure purpos well and fyne. Wote ye nott welle of what lordes ye came? Kyng Alysaundyr that all this worlde wan "Was of your kyn, and so was that noble kyng Whech made this cyté, Babel, I mene, be name. Eke many another that here in her lyvyng Were enhaunshed hyely with gret fame. Take heed herto, for Goddys sake, madame: Syth thei weddyd were and ech on had a make, Doth ye the same for youre kynrod sake! "On the other syde, of your bryth beuté, Thus dare I say and I dare stand therby: There is no man that evyr with eye yet see Swech anothyr as ye be hardyly. I flatyr not; I am non of thoo, sewyrly - It is not presyd in noo book that I rede. Than sey I thus, that Nature, withoute drede, "Whan sche wyll peynt, there can no man do bettyr, For sche schapyth parfytely all that evyr sche dothe; Sche is undyr Godd made be patent lettyr His vycere generall, if I schall sey sothe,28 To geve mankynd bothe nase, eye, and tothe, Of what schape that hir lykyth to geve, And of hir werk, no man hir to repreve. "Sche hath gove, lady, ryght onto your persone Youre bryght colour and fayre schap eke withalle To this entent: ye schuld not leve alone But with charyté departe this gyfte ye schall; But ye do thus, ye may sone have a fall, For sche may take thing that sche gafe, certeyn, And doth allday fro hem that are dysdeyn, "Whech can not thank hir of hir hye grace. Therfore, madame, taketh heed herto I pray: Lese not your holde, lese not your purchase, Lete mekenesse dwelle with swych a fresch may, Than schall we sykyrly of yow syng and say That all is well, ryght as we wold it have. Ferthermore, so Godd my sowle mote save, "I trow thow Nature had coupled in o persone All hir gyftis, as if sche wyll sche kan, Than trowe I welle ye have hem all alone. Of youre charyté, than, take to yow summe man: Lete him have parte of swech thing as ye han. Swech goodely gyftis wold not evyr be hyd - If Nature were here, the same sche wold byd! "And for the thyrd poynt in whech I yow commende, Whych is your wysdam and your gret lernyng: Youre wyttys are swech there can no man amende Youre conceytes hye, for if ye had a kyng He myght ful well trost in your cunnyng Thow he himself had not as ye have, And, as me thinkyth, your soule can ye not save "But if ye comoun this gyfte to other mene: It is not gove yow to have it all alone! The Fyrst Mevere, as oure bokes us ken, Whech syttyth above the sterrys in His trone, He gevyth summe man more wysdam be his one Than have twenti only for this entent: That he to other schall comoun that Godd him sent. "Take heed, herto, for perellis that may falle If ye dysplese that Mevere whych sitt above: His gyftis fro yow draw awey He schall. That I spek now, I sey it of very love, And, as me thinkyth, mech to youre behove. The fourt poynt of theyse and last of alle Is the rychesse whech is onto yow falle. "Ye be so rych the world wondyrth of it. What schall ye do with alle this welth alone? I sey of this as I seyd of youre wytt: Thei were i-graunted of Godd to youre persone That ye schuld part all this welth and woone; That schall ye best do if ye take a kyng. Here is my tale, here is myn askyng." Chapter 33 Than answerd sone that swete gracyous wyght, And to this mayster sche seyd thus ageyn: "Youre commendacyoun whech ye dyd endyth, If it be soth as ye sayd, plat and pleyn, Schall cause me, there is no more to seyn, To plese that Lord with all hert and mynde, That in His gyftis hath be to me so kynde "And sent me graces whech othir women want. Ye seyd efte for that I am so fayre And eke so wys and rych as ye warant, Therfore me must purpos to have a ayre, To chese an husbond, good and debonayre. Avyse yow, syre, what that ye have sayde: We wyll not lyght lowere than ye us layde.29 "Ye have sett oure loos above so hye We pase all women that now formed are. And on youre grounde ageyn I thus replye: I wold know to me who that worthy ware. This is your argument, this is your owne lare, That I am worthyest lyvyng of all women, Than must I hafe the worthyest of all men: "It folowyth full evene ryght of your tale,30 If ye take heed. I pray yow, where dwellyth he, So wyse, so fayre, so rych, withouten bale, And of swech lynage born as we be? But if ye fynde swech on, ye may leve me, I wyll non haf; therfore, loke well aboute - The more ye plete, the more ye stand in doute. "But ye wyll wyte allgate what I desyre; I schall dyscryve myn husbond whom I wyll hafe. Above all lordes he must be withoute pere, Whom he wyll to spylle or elles to save; He must be stable and nevyr turn ne wave Fro noo purpos that he set him on. But he be swech, husbond schall he be none "As onto us, whom ye hafe so commended. He must be wyse alsoo that he knowe alle, Every thing, that it may be amendyd And reryd ageyn or it fully falle.31 If there be swech on, receyve him sone we schall, And ellys, sekyr, we wyll have husbond none. Loke well aboute if ye can fynd swych on! "Ferthermore, yet must he have swech myght That him nedyth no help of no creature But he himself be suffycyent to do the ryght And evyr his myght demened with mesure. If that ye wyll swech on me ensure, I wyll him hafe; I schall nevyr sey nay. Herkenyth also more what I wyll say: "I wold eke that he schuld be so rych That him neded not of othir mennys goode. No lorde in erthe I wold have him lych. I desyre eke he schuld be so large of goode, Fre of hert, and manfull eke of moode, That what man onys asked him any thing, He schuld hem graunte more than her askyng. "He must be fayre also, he whom I desyre, So fayre and amyable that he must pase me, For syth he schall to me be lord and syre, It is good resoun that his schynyng ble Pase hir coloure whech schall his servaunt be32 And onto his lordchype bothe servaunt, spouse, and wyffe. Ferthermore, yet schall this lordes lyffe "Be eterne - elles all this is nowte, All that is sayd, but he have this - For syth he schall with so gret labour be sowte, As me semeth, the game went sore amys Whan all were well and all in joye and blys Sodenly to fayle and falle fro swech welth. Therfor, I tell yow, I dysyre that his helthe, "His age, his strength, that all these fayl nevyr But evermore lest, for sorow that it wold make To me, whech tyme that we schuld dyssevyr, For other lord wold I nevyrmore take, But wepe and morne all in clothys blake. Therfor ye schull me warant he schall not deye, This lord to whom ye wold me newe alye. "And than consent I to all that evyr ye crave - Elles nowt. Wene ye that I wold fare As many other do, and have as thei have, Lych to my modyr, the sorow, the wo, the care, Whech sche had whan thei departed ware, My lord, my fadyr, and eke my lady, asundyr? That I fle this, me thinkyth it is no wondyr!" Chapter 34 Whan sche had seyd these wordes all alowde And uttyrd hir conceyte pleynly to hem alle, There was no man as than that him kepe cowde Fro wepyng; teres full sore thei gun down falle. Hir modyr fel down as rownd as any balle - For very sorow sche swounyd in that place, For now sche seeth there is non othyr grace. Sche was lyft up and comforted new agayn, And at the last, whan sche had caut wynde, "Alas," sche seyd, "sorow hath me nye slayn! Where schall we seke? Where schall we swych on fynde? My dowtyr, I trowe, hath not well hir mynde - Sche wote not what sche seyth, sche is so made! Who may it be? Where may swech on be hadde "As sche desyryth? It is not, pardé, possible. Ther is non swech, than schall sche nevyr have non!" "Nevyr deye, nevyr seke? He must be impassible! We may well see sche scornyth us echon. Go we fast hens, let hir have it aloon. Worchep and rychesse, sche schall ful soone lese; No defaute in us for we may not chese": Thus wayled the lordes as thei sote bedeen, Cursyng hir maysterys, cursyng hir bokes alle. "Alas," thei seyd, "that evyr any qween Thus schuld be comered! Oure worchep is down falle. God send nevyr rem kyng that wereth a calle.33 We pray Godd that he nevyr woman make So gret a mayster as sche is, for oure sake." Thus with wo, mych care, and grucchyng, Thei parte asoundyr, ech man onto his home. Thei goo, or ryde, or sayle, at her lykyng, For with the qween wroth thei are echon. Sche is now left for hem to dwell alon: Sche may stody, rede, reherse, and wryght. Thus is the parlement fynchyd and every wyght Is in drede and leveth with hert suspens, Lokyng alwey aftyr new chaungyng. Alle her wyttes and all her grete expens Are now but lost. And here schall be the endyng Of this same boke, whech tretyth of the pletyng Betwyx this qween and all hir lychemen. God send us parte of hir prayere. Amen.

near we see this with our eyes did while she lived those; tokens; did spiritual; stopped; (see note) and yet; tokens way; (see note) teachings Burns i.e., Christ dove; hover know have thought; (see note) duly, i.e., conscientiously are lacking burn shides, i.e., firewood circle (see note) their nature circular she has so greatly excelled resolves i.e., virtues; tied taste securely is appropriate raze (see note) Greek shut out; closed the lock distress i.e., inner-most heart scholar immediately apply ourselves ride, go, and run in a hurry all kinds of men attire delayed splendor Cappadocia; company Jaffa Paphos (in Cyprus) Damascus Salins royally Limousin Admiral he will now settle the issue cannot fail in company measured very quietly wages and salary on many occasions to voice the needs realm uncle live thus die out certainly pleasure if agree benefit once wisdom in every way lose lack Whoever lays eyes on you Beseeching Open; listen it pleases you astonished; taken aback if only I were do not know how nor am able to Refute the wisdom; same private plan be revealed reveal; borne privately most intimate surely; will have lost conceal doubt Whatever I do greatly abandon goes; waves ship; thought waves' at once brought live as I please fashionable dress intimate thoughts if I may ride through the woods; boughs to herself sighing; to groan hear Mercy fields; dwellings Unless by God! since this must be done deliberation; about to every one of you haste haste Meanwhile; try attach myself; plans foolish assure Without telling come to harm it has a light step deliberation complain must deliberation intelligence dearly paid for then here to hear ask for a waiting period profit certain a bird in hand; (see note) success die before Viterbo, Italy inquire (see note) rough war nature; far mighty (see note) alive lamb tear and cut event faint endure float; (see note) hurt; wrong Unless; harm safely by God! complaint went doubt during that campaign rough complain and curse i.e., King Costus; cunning (see note) be done in the same manner vouchsafe, i.e., permit; run burn hinder prince Cappadocia thoughts; secret renowned; wisdom; fame known yell pleases incredible if you; cut could we be persuaded ruined enough strengthen; protect is alive think if you would be so inclined coffer; guarded armor honor ransom; humor bear witness Though with which Those; rife set right if you course of action Expedite will rewarded Mercy By honor beholden consider well would not please me at all allege i.e., you mislead me do not mind about that fought war since about that provide for the soldiers nothing, nor do I desire you to fear Complain stupor judgments were rendered punishments given; those who; executed it is not fitting for me Over such butchery to preside sink Because you wished; in haste must all agree dissension expectation; drawn faint doubt generosity lesser wretches; desist to cite authorities sir; lots must occupy themselves kills, fights certainly; subdue ruthless executes; group [of trespassers] they have from us judge; execute and pardon is their duty; concern myself wrong; condemned Jaffa In response to schism; stirred up afraid do wrong; how many Run; wildmen; conceal fight; flee disturbance; treat as nothing do not care about You set more store pleasure Impair; eyes educated you; (see note) habits let them pass you by lose (see note) truly unto you healthy; sound on all sides for this reason schism; raised take no account of me Indeed, he may do no more than I; foolish ill-dispositioned governance lay managed what living hear indeed Far Nebuchadnezzar; was called; (see note) do wrong secret famine the same was called; two because oppose them whether or not he wished to know Because of crazy; foolish worse incite him; off his hinge leave leek (i.e., worth nothing) Were it not for; improvement passes by forgotten in writing; read; evening must be it tells rehearse; one after another what sir; abandon Without our books; safely eager; systematically In preparation for conditions speak great respect angry    You would do better to say your prayers govern Paphos (in Cyprus) hear especially matched his appearance When something must be done perplexity What; (see note) soon too late; (see note) is dead; gone hence carried apart; indeed sail scare; rough benefit body and spirit surely; wish manage; leisure time preserve rank; waver benefit you much Thank you, sir i.e., if you have not changed might challenge us war might do as I wish, as I now cannot knightly joust; reward; labors been found [to be] success I would praise you further to their faces do not feel the absence detected newly allied how; grievances fierce suffering bitter pains preserve; gunwale (plank) just as it; its but only there habitats nature; individual reasons just as it pleases them To conclude [an argument] remove coast turn out angry sworn also very deeply truth angry govern occasion are all subject to preserve truly subdue; immediately; maiden surely claim set forth assure oath speak; wallow their be reminded conflict cease unless dig A little deeper together comprehend cogently; hold your own not at all overcome royalty appreciate In keeping with; honored promote ails inclined; believe cut so ardently, I daresay especially; (see note) Who wishes to a certain Rufinus But indeed, every bit marriage; old most of all; aforesaid though just recently someone in every way because; uncle awake nor asleep it is up to you it is your right to decide Since condition again yet direction bear in mind that you many Why; worry health are I am much more amazed deceive arguments heartily; imagine prove true jests; befitting person deceiver; really despicable earlier office (i.e., kingship); (see note) Although stock; root (i.e., royalty) so well known has been passed on to me subjects buttresses< prop up maintain; paths certainly correctly in a fixed and stable manner trust; waver again permission fortress sophistry whole ell (about 45 inches); inch suppose subtle such a way; (see note) learns kneel repeat conclusion Earl of Limousin impressive reasoning complain cut have fared learning; harm; escape noble act too wise views; moderate them who exactly chieftain it is unheard of Think carefully; very uncertain just to submit willingly maiden trust purpose take my virginity before still; too soon submit myself one [regent] no matter what you argue Admiral are a disgrace to your wisdom throw everything into the sea lose; reputation increase it so highly Look how you honor; rank; (see note) what each lady despise such a thing (marriage) suppose opinions held them is crazier like; off-hinge look ahead worst before it is too late Drive; ruin know such a state of dread danger if it pleases you to listen esteemed; beloved pear (i.e., deem worthless) succeed; singular resistance waited (i.e., put off love); (see note) have chosen the wrong path Although have not been occupied dwell malicious treachery perhaps duty hinder; dead good; alone in truth fear any of his subjects overpower who taught In my opinion cleverness surpasses maiden behoves you To take care of those who even though; stupid replete [with wisdom] higher admit exaggerate keeps you from believing us Since council; distress (see note) arduously why; (see note) is; limb To restore order have striven into order compassion testify to it in terms of though there are [people] once By their dig around them head; bow; (see note) in any case plainly and simply dissemble foes final word unto covenant talk, argue, clatter; creak i.e., be forgotten woe; enough much moaning matter was concluded Unhappy creatures; each one advantage days of dotage; believe who may do this thing manage; complicated affairs all by himself what; crave such a condition nonexistent In every detail; truth know not fixed so firmly clings; slide by i.e., Katherine's mother lost bewail tough anything stunned; to bay sooner, indeed uncle; i.e., Katherine subject overcome will not consent depart pure benefit did before you would not have; sat; place those distress; trouble; befall you have no idea so that die if you would accept it venture; affected Climb be gotten from me grasp I would hate lose God grant briars an annoyance do you expect died turn out; happen; seldom burst rough resting place enter; stay out; (see note) commoners; nobility pleasures; mixes security grip; overcome; (see note) cunning; persuade prophet she thinks it worth nothing need; anything (see note) distress you all are my subjects contract royalty not have for nothing bought by you Nicopolis seemed exactly in this way value truly; attain it these two [qualities] (see note) Ptolemy learn from their mistakes (see note) warned dark and dim (i.e., misguided) why (see note) provide examples I have said my piece gravely know; from you agree as you request someone else's power Suppose (Imagine the proposition) Govern; curse; lament fool grief Then you would want advise honor certainly servant Hold (see note) likewise scholar as ruler place; (see note) lineage no kin to them cease nor before you royal grain opposite respect I believe from the root flavor; sweet like seeks like For all these reasons rightfully as if it were mire uncourteously I cannot help it an argument that looks good put to use bears; (see note) learn anything; go there know everything sophistry; answered argument cogently pay attention agree; maiden differ graft; (see note) stock altogether just as; stump goes it with me live all alone uncle time Pooled their wits some concession obtain appointed plain and simple to speak for all of them Who; very From so much studying believe i.e., nobly born readily apparent saw a fairer one May it last; die Minerva; (see note) I spoke of wield; count guess please you benefit royal stock and lineage to support (see note) exalted highly mate    For my next point, about your shining beauty saw Another woman like you i.e., flatterers; surely I.e., Flattery; praised without a doubt shapes whatever; that it pleases her reprove besides For this reason; live disperse Unless take back things every day; ungrateful Who assets within; young truly if; combined as she can do if she wishes lofty thoughts share You are not meant to hoard it First Mover; teach; (see note) Who by himself for this reason alone share with others for love of you for your own good share; property (see note) request person compose i.e., the First Mover because affirm plan; heir gracious honor surpass; who now exist on your own terms is worthy of me instruction beyond measure Unless; such a man; believe argue nonetheless know describe peer    Able to kill or spare whomever he wishes set himself to so that immediately managed; moderation guarantee generous temperament surpass worth nothing sought sorely cause part guarantee ally me parted apart quickly swooned hope caught her breath (see note) knows; mad immortal each one of us No fault of ours sat together her teachers encumbered scholar complaining finished in suspense debate vassals

Go To The Life of Saint Katherine, Book 3

Footnotes

JOHN CAPGRAVE, THE LIFE OF SAINT KATHERINE, BOOK 2: FOOTNOTES

1 Lines 56-60: The Greek word "Cata" means, in English, / "Over all" or "all"; "ryne," in our language, / Means "falling." Together (i.e., "Catherine") they connote that, within her, / All the turmoil of sin and shame / Was vanquished and never approached near her

2 I have professed a completely different lifestyle [than they wish for me]

3 Are about to be dispersed and ruined because of me

4 Say what they want, as they are used to doing

5 Lines 234-35: A clerk there had carefully taught him what to say, down to the least detail

6 Lines 246-47: Lady, you could have thought this over well enough / By now, if you had wanted to

7 Lines 284-85: Even if he still lived, by God, he would be no more / Than one man: without others what could he

8 We think these practices are not suitable to you

9 Lines 394-95: Your lordships (i.e., the titles and properties) were nobly won / Before you could walk, even before you existed, and only later came into your hands

10 I accept your arguments, when they amount to anything

11 Lines 564-65: And I hate / Having to say this; I do so only because of my oath

12 Lines 605-06: I.e., Were you to marry, you would not have so many annoying duties

13 Lines 616-18: If only God would allow that at whatever cost - / Upon my body - things ran as smoothly / Throughout my land as they do in Cyprus

14 Lines 698-700: It would not be to my advantage, / For though it (failure to govern) would vex everyone here, / I know very well that it would affect me most

15 Lines 743-45: But though such bad fortune [in marriage] is often found among the poor, / It is not thus among such great royalty / As those with whom we now wish to promote you

16 Lines 806-07: And in not one of my words do I misrepresent, / With a meaning other than the word should have

17 But nothing has turned out as we expected

18 Lines 855-56: Also, even if we labored to please him, / He would not please us, with you alive

19 Lines 967-68: In past times, on account of the strife and conflict / That reigned everywhere among the people

20 Lines 974-76: Because, when all are equal (peers), / There is no one who will do anything for anyone else: / One person argues for one opinion, another argues for the opposite

21 Do not set your mind on a plan of such great peril

22 As far as I am concerned, the horse is stuck in the mire (i.e., I am at a loss)

23 Lines 1133-34: Every action, truly, has two parts: / Planning the deed, and actually carrying it out

24 Both wisdom when serious and power in obtaining his will

25 Lines 1193-96: No man, unless he is really stupid, / Will do otherwise than agree with me and say / That it is better, when there is no alternative, / To take the one thing (wisdom) / Than to lack both (wisdom and strength)

26 Lines 1241-42: And the very tree that once bore green (unripe fruit) / Now bears red or white fruits of different sorts

27 Lines 1272-73: By common consent, he had composed an argument / Which, if he has any luck, he will present

28 Lines 1319-20: To tell the truth, she was appointed, by patent letter, / To be God's viceroy

29 I will not settle for less than you rated me

30 It is the logical conclusion of your arguments

31 Lines 1410-11: Know how to set right everything [that might go wrong] / Before it completely collapses (goes completely wrong)

32 Lines 1432-33: It is reasonable that his shining face / Should surpass the brightness of her who is his servant

33 May God never send any realm a king who wears a caul (woman's cap)

JOHN CAPGRAVE, THE LIFE OF SAINT KATHERINE, BOOK 2: NOTES

11 found. MS: foud.

14 Sche knowyth not yet the rode. A crucifixion pun: rode means both way and cross.

24 us. Not in MS.

36 othyr. MS: odyr.

55-66 For thus it menyth . . . and thi love. Capgrave is adapting the etymology of Katherine's name provided in Jacobus de Voragine's Legenda aurea.

250 It is more sykyr a bryd in youre fyste. The first known record of the popular proverb,"A bird in hand is worth two in the bush." See Whiting, Proverbs, B301. The speaker continues with two more proverbs,"The gray hors whyl his gras growyth / May sterve for hunger" (lines 253-54; compare Proverbs, G437) and"The sore may swelle long or the herbe / Is growe or rype" (lines 256-57; compare Proverbs, S504).

260 now. Deleted in MS.

267-71 To se the boweles cut oute of his wombe . . . be foure and be fyve. Reference to the method of executing traitors by hanging, drawing, and quartering.

276 se men flete and also se hem synk. Probable allusion to a judicial ordeal (the"cold-water ordeal"), dating from c. 800, wherein the accused was cast into water; sinking indicated innocence, floating guilt. See Henry Charles Lea, The Ordeal (1866; rpt. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1973), pp. 72-88.

307 And yet of this punchyng oft he knew ryght nowt. In other words, Costus did not personally supervise each and every execution.

of. Repeated in MS.

470 you. Not in MS.

476 I wepe so sore I may no lengere ryme! Here and elsewhere (for example, 3.1251, 4.1666), Capgrave's characters betray an almost Brechtian consciousness that their stories are unfolding in rhyme royal stanzas.

510-23 Nabugodonoser . . . Goddys grace. Daniel's dealings with Nebuchadnezzar are recounted in Daniel 1-4. According to Daniel 6, Darius (not Nebuchadnezzar) threw Daniel to the lions.

510-67 Capgrave is establishing Katherine's propensity towards conversion: her know-ledge of and respect for Scripture (Genesis, Daniel), her desire to know more about Daniel's god, and her purely perfunctory reverence for her own pagan gods (lines 564-67). Katherine's study of Scripture, however, might have made her a problematic example for fifteenth-century lay readers.

580 Ovyde seyde. Capgrave is paraphrasing views in the introduction to the Remedium Amoris.

582 medecyn comyth ovyr late. Proverbial: Whiting, Proverbs, M484.

735-42 Valerye . . . in this forsayd werke. The Dissuasio Valerii ad Ruffinum philo-sophum ne uxorem ducat was a popular misogamous tract written by Walter Map in the late twelfth century.

786 that astate I trede all undyr fote. Capgrave may be alluding to popular representations of Katherine of Alexandria trampling the emperor Maxentius. See Introduction, p. 2.

825 Aristoteles Elenkes. Aristotle's De sophisticis elenchis (On Sophistical Refutations) was a standard textbook for late-medieval students of dialectic. Aristotle dissects the various rhetorical tricks employed by sophists, whom he defines as people who wish to appear wise without actually being so. In so doing he pro-vides a veritable treasure trove of rhetorical fallacies, which Katherine accuses her opponent of using.

883 ye. MS: eye.

909 othir that have abyden long. Capgrave evokes the stories of various lovers (Troilus, for example, or Dido) whose initial resistance to love resulted in a tragic romance.

958-59 mo wyse hedes . . . the bettir is it. Proverbial. See Whiting, Proverbs, H227.

961-93 qwy / That o man above many shall have governing . . . cuntré abowte. The view that kingship results from the voluntary submission of free people to another's authority (pactum subjectionis) is found in the work of various late-medieval political theorists, including Marsilius of Padua (Defensor pacis, especially 1.8-9), Duns Scotus (Ordinatio 4.15.2), and Nicholas of Cusa (Concordantia, especially 2.21-41, 3.4). The idea goes back to Greek and Roman times, for example, Cicero's De officiis (especially 2.21-41) and Aristotle's Politics (especially 3.14). For general discussions of consent theories and related matters, see Jeannine Quillet, "Community, Counsel and Representation," in The Cambridge History of Medieval Political Thought, c. 350-c. 1450, ed. J. H. Burns (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), pp. 520-72; and Anthony Black, Political Thought in Europe, 1250-1450 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), pp. 136-85.

994 thei. Not in MS.

1106 whil. Rawlinson reads wyll, a careless scribal error. I have emended for sense according to Arundel.

1116 grype ne take. The lord is literally saying that no one can overcome Katherine's arguments, but, since the overall debate concerns Katherine's marriage, we may infer a sexual innuendo.

1124 To Gorgalus tyme. See 1.568 ff. for Capgrave's account of Gorgalus, king of Syria, and his descendants.

1154 as wyse. Repeated in MS.

1159 he. Not in MS.

1167-68 ten or twelve / Schuld geve exaumple rathere than schall oone. John Gower expresses the same opinion in his discussion of government in the Confessio Amantis (Prologue, lines 157-58).

1191-92 syth ye sey that I am now so wys, / Than have I o thing. See line 1148.

1204 in2. Not in MS.

1231 Athenes, of wysdam it beryth the key. Athens was the home of such renowned philosophers as Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle. In Chaucer's Knight's Tale, when Theseus is said to be"lord and governour" of Athens (I [A] 861), the implication is that he is wise, a man renowned for"his wysdom and his chivalrie"(line 865).

1247 ff. lych a griff am I. The Apostle Paul develops and explores this simile in Romans 11:13-24.

1286 Mynerve. Minerva, Roman goddess of wisdom.

1304 Babel. See 1.533-95. Alexandria was founded by the sultan Babel, who named the city Babylon after himself. When Alexander the Great conquered Babylon, he renamed it Alexandria.

1354 The Fyrst Mevere. See Aristotle, Natural Science, Book 8, and Metaphysics, Book 12.

1371 do. Not in MS.

1467 we2. Not in MS.